- I-web stack yesimanje ihlanganisa amathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo okubonakalayo, ukubhala isiphequluli, ama-HTTP API kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-front end okusizwa yi-AI.
- I-GPT‑4V isivele ingadala kabusha futhi ivame ukuthuthukisa amawebhusayithi alula, kodwa ubunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi bangaphambili busadinga ubuchwepheshe babantu.
- Ukuzenzakalela kwewebhu okusebenzayo kuncike eqoqweni elincane lamakhono ayisisekelo: ukuzulazula, ukukhetha izakhi, ukuchofoza, ukuthayipha, ukufunda nokulinda.
- Ukuqasha unjiniyela wewebhu ogxile ezenzakalelayo kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kahle, ukubonakala, ukubambisana, ukusabalala kanye nokuphepha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kushayisana ngendlela ethokozisayo njengamanje: kusukela ku-AI ebhala ikhodi engaphambili, kuya kumathuluzi okubuka anekhodi ephansi, kuya ezinhlelweni ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziqhuba amabhizinisi wonke ku-inthanethi cishe ngaphandle komsebenzi wesandla. Uma uvela ngemuva kokwenza okuzenzakalelayo futhi manje usuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, usendaweni efanele yokugibela leli gagasi elisha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu "okujwayelekile" kwanamuhla akuseyona nje indaba yokwakha amakhasi amahle; imayelana nokuxhuma lawo makhasi nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, ama-chatbot e-AI, imikhankaso ye-SMS kanye ne-imeyili, izinhlelo zokubhuka, amadeshibhodi kanye nama-API enza umsebenzi onzima ngemuva kwezigcawu ngokuthula. Kulo mhlahlandlela sizochaza ukuthi ukuzenzekela kuhambisana kanjani nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi kanye nemibono ebaluleke ngempela, nokuthi i-AI ingahamba ibanga elingakanani ekuthatheni indawo yomsebenzi wendabuko wangaphambili.
Iphrofayela entsha yonjiniyela wewebhu oqhutshwa ngokuzenzakalela
Kukhona uhlobo olusha lonjiniyela wewebhu oluvelayo: umuntu ohlanganisa ikhodi yakudala kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwenquboEsikhundleni sokwakha amasayithi okumaketha angaguquki kuphela, le phrofayela igxile ekuhlanganiseni i-SMS, i-imeyili, ama-chatbot e-AI kanye nezinhlelo zokubhuka ukuze iwebhusayithi ibe yinhliziyo yokusebenza kwebhizinisi.
Cabanga ngomsebenzi onjengalona: uthola ibhizinisi lendawo ku-Google Maps elingenayo iwebhusayithi noma elingahlelekile kahle, uxhumana ne-imeyili, bese unikela ngokwakha isayithi elenzelwe wena elingagcini nje ngokubukeka kahle kodwa futhi elizenzakalelayo ukubamba abaqondisi, ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti kanye nokulandelela. Isayithi liqoqa idatha yokuxhumana, libhuka izikhala zekhalenda, liqalise ukulandelana kwe-SMS noma i-imeyili okuzenzakalelayo futhi lithumele imibuzo nge-chatbot ye-AI. Awugcini nje "ngokwenza iwebhusayithi"; unikeza lelo bhizinisi umsizi ozenzakalelayo amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
Ezigabeni zokuqala ungase ungabi ngisho nesizinda noma iphothifoliyo enkulu yomphakathi. Ungase uhlole amakhono akho ngokuhlela amaphrojekthi e-demo kuma-URL esikhashana bese utshela amakhasimende angaba khona ukuthi: “Uma ufuna ukubona umsebenzi wami, vele ungithumelele umlayezo futhi ngizokwabelana ngezibonelo ezithile.” Lena empeleni indlela ewusizo kakhulu uma usafunda kokubili ubuchwepheshe bewebhu kanye namathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi la maphrojekthi agxile ezenzakalelayo athinta amathuluzi amaningi, ukusebenziseka kahle kubaluleke kakhulu njengekhwalithi yekhodiUvame ukusebenzela amaklayenti angewona awezobuchwepheshe akhathalela kuphela ukuthi ama-lead awalahleki, ukubhukha kufinyelela kahle ekhalendeni lawo, nokuthi ukulandelwa kwemininingwane kuthembekile. Inzuzo yakho yikhono lakho lokucabanga ngokwemigomo yokugeleza kokuphela, hhayi amakhasi ahlukanisiwe kuphela.
Ukuzenzakalela kwewebhu okubonakalayo vs ukuhlela kwendabuko
Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo, akudingeki njalo ube ngumhleli wezinhlelo onzima ukuze wakhe okuzenzakalelayo kwewebhu okuwusizoAmathuluzi amaningi esimanje anikeza izixhumi ezibonakalayo lapho uklama khona ukugeleza ngokuxhuma amabhlogo, ukuchaza izisusa kanye nokubhala idatha kusuka kwesinye isinyathelo kuya kwesinye. Leyo yifilosofi ngemuva kwamapulatifomu amaningi okwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nalokho izinkampani ezifana neTerrera AG ezikusebenzisayo ukunika amandla amaqembu angewona awezobuchwepheshe.
Laba bakhi ababonakalayo bakuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo i-logic yebhizinisi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhudula bese uphonsa: uma ifomu lithunyelwa, dala irekhodi lokuxhumana, thumela i-SMS, hlela i-imeyili yokulandelela, buyekeza isizindalwazi, shayela i-API yangaphandle, noma wazise umenzeli wezokuthengisa. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zebhizinisi zansuku zonke, leli zinga lokuqagela likwanele futhi lishesha kakhulu kunokubhala yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni.
Vele, uma izinto ezenzakalelayo sezithuthuke kakhulu, ukuqonda okuncane kobuchwepheshe kuba yinto ebalulekileUdinga ukwazi ukuthi izicelo ze-HTTP zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi iyini i-API endpoint, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokuqinisekiswa, nokuthi izakhiwo zedatha ezifana ne-JSON zidluliselwa kanjani. Yilapho ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokusekelwa okuvela kochwepheshe kubalulekile khona ukuze amaqembu angabambeki emininingwaneni efana nama-header, imithwalo yokukhokha noma ukuphathwa kwamaphutha.
I-sweet spot iwukubambisana phakathi kokuzenzakalelayo okubonakalayo kanye nekhodi: abasebenzi abangebona ochwepheshe bangahlela ukugeleza okulula kuthuluzi elibonakalayo, kuyilapho abathuthukisi benweba uhlelo ngokuhlanganiswa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, izikripthi noma izingxenye ze-UI lapho amabhlogo ajwayelekile enganele. Ngaleyo ndlela, inhlangano ihamba ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudela ukuqina.
I-AI kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kobunjiniyela be-front-end
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bushintsha ngokushesha indlela umsebenzi wangaphambili owenziwa ngayoAmakhono amamodeli anamuhla abonakala ekhula cishe nsuku zonke, futhi umbuzo omkhulu uyaqhubeka uphakama: siseduze kangakanani nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele? Ucwaningo lwakamuva ku-GPT 4V kanye namamodeli afanayo okukhiqiza lunikeza amaphuzu edatha acacile kakhulu.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-arXiv ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Sikude Kangakanani Nokwenza Izinto Zibe Ngokuzenzakalelayo Ubunjiniyela Bokuphela Kwangaphambili?” luqhathanise i-GPT 4V nezinye izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo. ngomsebenzi wokwakha amawebhusayithi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ababhali bahlanganise isethi yedatha yamakhasi ewebhu omhlaba wangempela angu-484 base becela lawa mamodeli ukuthi awadale kabusha. Base behlola amakhasi akhiqizwe besebenzisa inhlanganisela yokufana okubonakalayo kwezinga eliphezulu kanye nezilinganiso zokufanisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ukuze bathole umuzwa oqondile wekhwalithi.
Ukuze babone izinga eliphezulu, basebenzise ukufana kwe-CLIP: empeleni, baqhathanisa ukushumeka kwezithombe-skrini ezivela kusayithi lokubhekisela kanye nesayithi elenziwe nge-AI. Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi, ngokubuka nje, lezi zixhumi ezimbili zibukeka futhi zizwakala zifana. Kuyindlela yokulinganisa uhlobo lokwahlulela "ingabe lokhu kubukeka kulungile?" okwenziwa abaklami nabasebenzisi ngokungazi.
Ekuhloleni okuphansi bahlukanise izinto zibe yizilinganiso eziningana zokuxilonga esikhundleni sesilinganiso esisodwa esihlanganisiwe. Lokho kwabavumela ukuthi babone ukuthi i-AI yenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi yayihluleka kuphi ngezindlela eziqondile.
Ukufanisa amabhlogo kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani indawo iyonke yezinto ezibonakalayo ephinde yakhiqizwa ngendlela efanele, ukuqhathanisa amabhokisi ahlanganisayo kuzakhiwo zokuqala nezakhiqizwe. Lokhu kumayelana nokuhlola ukuthi zonke izinto ezibalulekile zikhona futhi zenziwe kahle yini, hhayi nje ukuthi ikhasi libukeka lifana kancane.
Ukufana kombhalo kubheke ukuhlobana kwezinga lezinhlamvu phakathi kwamabhulokhi ombhalo afanayoKuyindlela enembile yokubuza: ingabe imodeli ayigcinanga nje kuphela ukwakheka kodwa futhi namagama athile, amalebula kanye nokuqukethwe kwesayithi, esikhundleni sokubona izinto ezingekho noma ukweqa izingxenye?
Ukufana kwesikhundla kuqhathaniswe izixhumanisi ezijwayelekile zezikhungo zezinto. Amasayithi amabili angabelana ngezingxenye ezifanayo kodwa azizwe ehluke ngokuphelele uma izinto zishintshashintsha. Ukuma okufana kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa, ukuhambisana kanye nokuhamba kokufunda kuyahlonishwa yidizayini ekhiqizwe.
Ukufana kombala kukalwe kusetshenziswa ifomula ye-CIEDE2000, okuchaza umehluko wemibala obonwayo njengoba abantu bewubona. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuqhathanisa amanani e-RGB; kubonisa ukuthi ingemuva, umbhalo kanye nemibala yokugcizelela ihambisana kahle ngokwanele yini ukuze ibonwe njengesihloko esifanayo.
Ababhali bagweme ngamabomu ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zilinganiso zibe yiphuzu elilodwa "lomlingo".Inombolo ngayinye ilandisa ingxenye ehlukile yendaba: I-CLIP iphatha ukubukeka nomuzwa womhlaba wonke, kuyilapho amabhlogo, umbhalo, isikhundla nombala kuveza amandla nobuthakathaka obuthile. Okungcono kakhulu, imodeli evuthiwe kufanele isebenze kahle kuzo zonke izilinganiso, hhayi kuphela ku-aggregate index efihla ukwehluleka.
Kulesi silinganiso se-GPT‑4V sisebenze kahle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-AI ezikhiqizayo ngomsebenzi onikeziwe. Kodwa ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu ivela ekuhlolweni kwabantu: kuma-49% ezimo, ababuyekezi babantu babenomuzwa wokuthi isayithi elikhiqizwe yi-GPT‑4V lingathatha indawo yekhasi lokuqala lokubhekisela ngokubukeka okubonakalayo nokuqukethwe.
Okumangalisa nakakhulu, kuma-64% amacala ahlolwe, abantu bahlulele umklamo owenziwe yi-AI njengongcono kunowokuqala.Lokho kusho ukuthi kumasayithi alula, i-AI ayincintisani nje kuphela, ivame ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezimbi noma eziphelelwe yisikhathi zibe ezihlanzekile nezikhanga kakhulu ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esengeziwe ngale kwesicelo sokuqala.
Nokho, kukhona umongo obalulekile ovimbela lokhu ekubeni isimemezelo sokuthi “i-front-end ifile”Isethi yedatha esetshenziswe ocwaningweni ayihloselwe kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma ezisebenzisanayo. Amakhasi amaningi okubhekisela kuwo ayizindawo zokumaketha noma zolwazi eziqondile ezingaweluli amakhono onjiniyela onolwazi oluphambili.
Uma ubheka izibonelo, zivame ukuba lula ngokwanele ukuthi unjiniyela omuhle ongumuntu ngeke abe nenselele enkulu.Lokho akunciphisi ukufezwa kwe-GPT‑4V, kodwa kusho ukuthi asikafiki ezingeni lapho i-AI ingakwazi khona, ngaphandle kokugadwa, ukuphinda yakhe izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphambi kokuphela ezine-logic yebhizinisi eyinkimbinkimbi, izici zokufinyeleleka kanye nokuhlanganiswa okujulile nezinsizakalo zangemuva kokuphela.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esinzima ngempela kungaba ukuqhuba izivivinyo ezifanayo ezixhumisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ukugeleza kwezinyathelo eziningi, amadeshibhodi anedatha yesikhathi sangempela, izakhiwo zokuzulazula eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuxhumana okunzima ohlangothini lwamakhasimende. Yilapho-ke lapho sizobona khona ukuthi i-AI ingathatha indawo, noma isize kuphela, onjiniyela abangochwepheshe abaphambili.
Ngakho-ke okwamanje, i-AI ibukeka njengomsizi onamandla kunokuba ithathe indawo eqondileIngakwazi ukuqalisa kabusha imiklamo elula, iguqule ikhodi, iphakamise ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo futhi ikhiqize ezinye izinguqulo zokuhlola i-A/B, kuyilapho abantu besathwala umthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha, ukusebenziseka kanye nokupholisha kokugcina.
Ukuzenzakalela kwesiphequluli njengengxenye ye-web stack
Ngaphandle kokwakha amawebhusayithi ngokwawo, ingxenye enkulu yokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwewebhu namuhla igxile ekulawuleni iziphequluli ngokuhlelaLokhu kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-UI, ukuzenzekela kwenqubo yerobhothi (i-RPA) ezinhlelweni ezindala kanye nemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo njengokukhipha idatha kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamafomu ngezinga elithile.
Amathuluzi afana ne-Microsoft Power Automate ahlinzeka ngeqembu elizinikele lezenzo zokuzenzakalela kwesiphequluli ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzisane ngqo nezinto zewebhu. Cabanga ngakho njengokubhala kwe-UI okuthuthukisiwe kwewebhu: uqala isibonelo sesiphequluli, uzulazule uye ekhasini, uchofoze ezintweni, ugcwalise amafomu, bese ufunda idatha, konke ngokusebenzisa umklami womsebenzi esikhundleni sokwenza ngesandla kuthebhu yangempela yesiphequluli.
I-Power Automate isekela kokubili isiphequluli sayo sokuzenzakalela esishumekiwe kanye neziphequluli ezinkulu—I-Microsoft Edge, i-Internet Explorer, i-Google Chrome kanye ne-Mozilla Firefox. Isinyathelo sokuqala kunoma yikuphi ukugeleza sihlala sifana: dala noma unamathisele ku-instance yesiphequluli usebenzisa isenzo esithi “qalisa okusha” noma “namathisela ku-existing”, ucacise ngokuzikhethela ukuthi kufanele isebenze emshinini wendawo noma endaweni yedeskithophu ebonakalayo.
Uma isiphequluli sesilungile, ungaqala ukwenza izenzo zokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ezilingisa ukuziphatha komsebenzisi ngemicimbi yeJavaScriptUkuchofoza izixhumanisi, ukuthayipha emasimini okufaka, ukukhetha kusuka kokwehlayo kanye nokuthumela amafomu konke kungahlelwa ngemuva. Ungakha lokhu kugeleza ngesandla noma ngerekhoda ebuka lokho okwenzayo bese ikuguqula kube yizinyathelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, lezi zenzo zokwenza ngokuzenzakalela azisusi isikhombisi segundane sangempela esikrininiLokho kungase kuzwakale njengemininingwane, kodwa kuwukunqoba okukhulu kokusebenziseka: ukugeleza kungasebenza ngenkathi isiphequluli sincishisiwe noma ngenkathi ithebhu eqondiwe ingagxilile, ngakho abasebenzisi bangaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile emshinini ofanayo ngenkathi ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo kuqhubeka ngemuva.
Kunezimo ezisemaphethelweni lapho ukusebenzisana okusekelwe ku-JavaScript kunganele, isibonelo lapho isilawuli esithile singaphenduli kahle ezenzakalweni ezilingisiwe. Kulezo zimo, ezinye izenzo ezifana nokuthi “Chofoza isixhumanisi ekhasini lewebhu” noma “Insimu yombhalo wokugcwalisa ekhasini lewebhu” zingashintshwa ziye kwimodi yokusebenzisana ngokomzimba, empeleni eshukumisa igundane bese ithayipha njengomsebenzisi wangempela womuntu. Ukushintshana ukuthi isiphequluli kumele sihlale sibonakala futhi ithebhu eqondiwe kumele ibe nokugxila ngenkathi lezo zinyathelo ziqhubeka.
Isiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalela uma siqhathaniswa ne-Internet Explorer: umehluko ocashile kodwa obalulekile
Ngokuthakazelisayo, isiphequluli sangaphakathi sokwenza ngokuzenzakalela se-Power Automate sisekelwe ku-Internet Explorer, kodwa inikeza iphrofayili yokuziphatha ehlukile eyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezenzakalelayo. Kunezinzuzo ezithile kanye nokushintshana okubalulekile uma uklama ukugeleza okuqinile.
Okokuqala, isiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalela sisebenza ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kuyilapho i-Internet Explorer ivame ukudinga ukulungiswa kokucushwa kokuphephaEzindaweni ezinezinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile, ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-IE ngesandla ukuze nje kusebenze ukuzenzekela kungavinjelwa noma kungavinjelwa kakhulu. Isiphequluli sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo sigwema okuningi kwalokhu kungqubuzana futhi simane sisebenze.
Okwesibili, isenzo esithi “isixhumanisi sokulanda ngokuchofoza ekhasini lewebhu” sihambisana kakhulu nesiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inguqulo ye-IE ikuphi, kuyilapho isenzo esifanayo esiqondiswe ku-Internet Explorer yangempela sidinga inguqulo 8 noma ngaphansi kwezinye izindlela zokulanda. Lokhu kubalulekile uma uthatha ngokuzenzakalelayo imibiko noma amafayela kusuka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu.
Okwesithathu, isiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalela sivala amabhokisi emiyalezo evelelayo ngokuzenzakalelayoKu-Internet Explorer yangempela lawo ma-dialog angaphazamisa ukugeleza okunganakiwe futhi adinga ukungenelela ngesandla. Uma ufuna ngempela ama-dialog avele, ungangeza ngokusobala isijobelelo Ama-ShowDialog ekugcineni kwe-URL esenzweni esithi “Launch new Internet Explorer” ukuze uzinike amandla kabusha kuleso simo.
Okwesine, isiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo asisekeli amathebhu noma izixhumanisi zokuvula kumafasitela amashaUma ukhetha isixhumanisi, sihlala sivuleka efasiteleni noma esimweni esifanayo. Nakuba lokho kungase kubonakale kukhawulela kumsebenzisi ongumuntu, ukuze kwenze kube lula ukuphatha umongo futhi ngokuvamile kusheshisa ukusebenza ngoba kunezindawo ezimbalwa okufanele zilandelwe.
Okokugcina, ngoba yeqa ama-plugins nezingxenye ezingadingekile, isiphequluli esisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo sivame ukushesha kancane kune-Internet Explorer epheleleEkugelezeni okude okuthinta amakhasi amaningi, lo mkhawulo wokusebenza obonakala uncane ungenza umehluko phakathi komsebenzi obushelelezi wasebusuku kanye nobunzima obungapheli.
Ukuzenzakalela iziphequluli nezinto zewebhu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Konke ukugeleza kwesiphequluli okuqinile okuzenzakalelayo kuqala ngendlela efanayo: ngokuqalisa noma ukunamathisela kusiphequluli esisekelwayoKu-Power Automate unezenzo ezinikezelwe njenge-“Launch Microsoft Edge entsha”, “Launch Internet Explorer entsha”, “Launch Chrome entsha” kanye ne-“Launch Firefox entsha”. Ngayinye yalezi zenzo idala iseshini yesiphequluli elawulekayo lapho zonke izenzo ezilandelayo zibhekisela khona.
Uma sekukhona iseshini yesiphequluli, ungahlukanisa izenzo zakho zibe izigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: ukugcwaliswa kwamafomu ewebhu (kokunikeza idatha emakhasini) kanye nokukhishwa kwedatha yewebhu (kokufunda idatha emakhasini). Zombili zithembele kakhulu ekukwazini ukuhlonza nokuphinda zisebenzise izakhi ze-UI ngendlela ehambisanayo.
Izinto ze-UI ozichazayo zigcinwa kuphaneli ukuze ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa kabusha kuzo zonke izenzoUkuze ungeze into entsha, uyiqokomisa ekhasini lewebhu elibukhoma bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + chofoza kwesobunxele. Ngemva kokumaka zonke izinto ezidingekayo zekhasi, uyaqinisekisa ngokukhetha okuthi “Kwenziwe”, bese zitholakala kunoma yisiphi isinyathelo sokugeleza. Lokho kusho ukuthi awudingi ukurekhoda kabusha noma ukukhetha kabusha izinto njalo.
Ukuze ubhale idatha ekhasini lewebhu, ukhetha isenzo sokugcwalisa ifomu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwentoIsibonelo, ukuze uxhumane nohlu oluya phansi usebenzisa u-“Setha inani lohlu oluya phansi ekhasini lewebhu” bese umane usho ukuthi iyiphi inketho okufanele ikhethwe. Kumasimu ombhalo, ukhetha isenzo esihambisanayo esithi “Setha umbhalo” bese udlula inani olifunayo.
Ukuze ufunde idatha ekhasini, usebenzisa i-“Thola imininingwane yekhasi lewebhu” noma i-“Thola imininingwane yesici ekhasini lewebhu”, kuye ngokuthi udinga idatha mayelana nekhasi lonke (njengesihloko noma i-URL) noma mayelana nokulawula okuthile (njengombhalo ongaphakathi kwelebula noma isici esithile). Ezimweni eziningi, yilokho kuphela okudingayo ukuqinisekisa imiphumela noma ukuthwebula imiphumela yezinyathelo zakamuva.
Ngale kwezinketho zempahla ezigcwaliswe ngaphambilini, ungakhetha ngesandla noma yisiphi isici se-HTML sento ukukhipha. Esinye isici esiwusizo kakhulu yilesi umugqa we-waelementrectangle, okubuyisela i-coordinate ephezulu kwesobunxele kanye nobukhulu besici sewebhu. Lokhu kubalulekile uma udinga ukucabanga ngokuthi kukhona kuphi esikrinini, isibonelo ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezendlalelo ezigqagqene noma ukuqinisekisa imikhawulo yesakhiwo.
Uma udinga ukuqopha idatha eningi ehlelekile, kuba nesenzo esithi “Khipha idatha ekhasini lewebhu” esizinikele.. Ingakhipha imiphumela njengenani elilodwa, uhlu, amathebula noma ngisho nokuwanamathisela ngqo kumashidi e-Excel. Ngenkathi umsizi wewebhu obukhoma evuliwe, ungachofoza noma uchofoze kwesokudla kumanani aqondiwe bese ukhetha okuthi “Khipha inani kusuka ku-element”, bese ukhetha i-HTML efanele oyifunayo.
I-Power Automate izama ukuhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlu noma amathebula edatha uma usukhethe okungenani izinto ezimbili ezifanayo. Bese kuba yiphethini evamile, ngakho akudingeki ukuthi uchaze ngesandla izikhethi eziyinkimbinkimbi zomugqa ngamunye. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu ekukhaselweni kohlu lwama-oda olunekhasi, imiphumela yokusesha noma okufakiwe kukhathalogi.
Kubasebenzisi abathuthukile, ungakha noma uhlele izikhethi ze-CSS ngesandla kumsizi wewebhu obukhomaUqala ngokukhetha uhlobo lwenani ozolikhipha—inani elilodwa, amanani amaningi akhethwe ngesandla (ngalinye linesikhethi salo), uhlu, amathebula noma amathebula aphelele e-HTML—bese ucacisa incazelo yesikhethi, isici esiqondiwe kanye nenkulumo evamile ongayikhetha yokufanisa okucwengisisiwe.
Ukuphatha ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhasi ngokuvamile kuyisici sokugcina sephaziliUma idatha oyidingayo ihlanganisa amakhasi amaningana anesakhiwo esifanayo, kufanele ulungiselele izakhi zokubhala amakhasi ngendlela efanele. Ukhetha noma uchofoze kwesokudla kulawulo lwe-pager bese ulusetha njenge-paginator, noma uluchaze ngesandla kuzilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe zomsizi. Ngemva kokuqeda ukukhetha idatha, uvala umsizi bese ulungisa amapharamitha athi “Khipha idatha ekhasini lewebhu” ukuze ukhase wonke amakhasi atholakalayo noma inombolo ethile yawo.
Kukhona futhi isilungiselelo sokuzikhethela esithi “Cubungula idatha ngenkathi ukhipha” lokho kuvumela i-Power Automate ukuthi ihlanze idatha ngokushesha—isuse isikhala esimhlophe, isuse izinhlamvu ezingafuneki njalo njalo. Lokhu kungenza ukucubungula okulandelayo kube lula, yize kungase kwehlise ijubane lokukhipha okukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ukuvumele ngokukhetha.
Ukuya ngale kweziphequluli: Izenzo ze-HTTP nama-API ewebhu
Akuzona zonke i-web ezenzakalelayo okufanele zidlule kusiphequluli esishintshiwe; ngezinye izikhathi ukukhuluma ngqo nezinsizakusebenza zewebhu kuyashesha futhi kuthembeke kakhuluNgaleso sizathu, i-Power Automate namathuluzi afanayo afaka izenzo zezinga le-HTTP ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzisane namakhasi, amafayela nama-API ngaphandle kokuvula isiphequluli esibonakalayo nhlobo.
Ukuze uthole ukulanda okulula, isenzo esithi “Landa kusuka kuwebhu” sikuvumela ukuthi uthole okuqukethwe kwekhasi noma amafayela ngqoUngasebenzisa i-HTTP GET noma i-POST, ukhethe ukuthi umphumela kufanele ugcinwe njengefayela kudiski noma njengoguquguquko oluqukethe umzimba wekhasi, bese udlulisela leyo datha ezinyathelweni zakamuva ekugelezeni kwakho.
Uma udinga ukuhlanganiswa nama-API ewebhu, kuba nesenzo esijwayelekile esithi “Invoke web service” esekela izindlela eziningi ze-HTTP (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE nokuningi) futhi ingenziwa ngezifiso ngokugcwele. Ulungiselela i-URL, amapharamitha ombuzo, izihloko, umzimba kanye nokuqinisekiswa ukuze kufane nanoma iyiphi i-API oyiqondisayo, kusukela kumasango okukhokha njenge-Stripe kuya kumasevisi okuthumela imiyalezo noma izinhlelo zebhizinisi zangaphakathi.
Izinsizakalo ezisekelwe ku-SOAP zisavamile ezindaweni zakudala, ngakho-ke kukhona nesenzo esizinikele esithi “Invoke SOAP web service”.Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze nama-API aqhutshwa yi-WSDL adinga ama-envelope e-XML esikhundleni se-JSON payloads, okukunikeza indlela yokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo ezindala kodwa ezisabalulekile zasehhovisi.
Izenzo eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlolwa kwewebhu okusebenzayo
Uma ushintsha kusuka ekuzisebenzeleni kwebhizinisi okumsulwa uye ekuhlolweni kwe-QA, isithombe siyashintsha kancane kodwa amakhono ayisisekelo alula ngokumangalisayo.Empeleni, izenzo ezimbalwa zimboza iningi lezimo zokuhlola ngokuzenzakalela kwewebhu zansuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa muphi umtapo wolwazi.
Abahloli bavame ukubika ukuthi cishe u-99% womsebenzi wabo wokuzenzakalela uncike kumakhono ayisisekelo ayisithupha, kanti i-1% esele idinga ukucwila ngokujulile emadokhumenti noma ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokudala. Ukuqonda lezi eziyisithupha kahle ngokuvamile kwanele ukuvula amasudi okuhlola akhiqizayo futhi azinzile.
Ikhono lokuqala eliyinhloko ukuzulazula uye ku-URLKuthuluzi elifana ne-WebdriverIO, ungabhala into elula njengokuthi linda isiphequluli.url ("https://google.com")Kubukeka kuyinto encane, kodwa ukuqonda isu lokuzulazula kuyazuzisa kakhulu: ukukhetha i-URL yokuqala efanele kwenza ukuhlolwa kwakho kusondele kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuvivinywayo, kunciphisa izinyathelo zokusetha kanye nokusheshisa ukusebenza.
Ukuzulazula okuhle kusho futhi ukweqa ukusebenzisana okungadingekile lapho kungewona umgomo wokuhlolwaUma ukungena ngemvume okuthile noma ukugeleza kokungena sekuvele kuhlanganiswe kahle kwenye indawo, ungavame ukugxuma uye ngqo endleleni ejulile nge-URL esikhundleni sokuchofoza kulo lonke uhlu futhi. Isihluthulelo ukugwema ukweqa ukuziphatha okudinga ukuqinisekiswa kuleso simo esithile.
Ikhono lesibili indawo yento, okudume kakhulu ngokuthi kungenye yemithombo emikhulu yokukhungatheka ekuhlolweni kwewebhu. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, abathuthukisi banikeza ama-ID noma amakilasi anengqondo, okwenza abakhethi bafane isici se-const = linda $(“#great-id”) kulula futhi kuthembekile. Kuma-codebase angewona afanele, ugcina unezikhethi ezinde nezibuthakathaka njenge isici se-const = linda $(“.flex.container.list > ul > div > a > .w-50”), okunzima ukuzifunda futhi okunzima nakakhulu ukuzinakekela.
Ungenza impilo yakho ibe lula ngokwenza ngcono ukucaca kunokuhlakanipha kwabakhethiNgezinye izikhathi kunamandla kakhulu ukukhetha isikhethi esibanzi kancane kodwa esifundeka kalula, bese uthembela kumongo, kunokubeka amaqhinga e-CSS angacacile. Kumathuluzi amaningi ungasebenzisa futhi ukusebenza kwe-JavaScript ukuze udlule kusuka entweni ezinzile eseduze uye kuhloswe ngqo, esikhundleni sokuzama "umlingo omnyama wokukhetha."
Ulwazi olujulile lwe-CSS ne-XPath lusabalulekile, ngoba izici ezincane—njengezikhethi zezimfanelo, amaphethini engane ye-nth noma izihlungi zombhalo—zingakuvumela ukuthi ubhale izitholi ezimfushane nezivezayo. Kodwa uma ungeyona ingxenye yethimba lokuthuthukisa, kufanele futhi uzizwe unamandla okuphatha izinto okunzima ukuzikhetha njengeziphazamisi futhi ucele ama-ID noma amakilasi anengqondo esikhundleni sokuzifihla buthule.
Ikhono lesithathu eliyisisekelo ukuchofoza, okuzwakala kulula kakhulu kodwa okubangela izinhlungu ezingapheli. Ikhodi efana linda isici.chofoza() ifihla izingibe eziningi ezingaba khona. Ungase ucabange ukuthi uchofoza inkinobho kodwa uhlose ilebula eligoqekayo, okuholela ekudidekeni kokungafani phakathi kokulindelekile nokuziphatha kwangempela.
Ukumbozwa kuyinkinga ecashile nakakhulu: amabhanela ekhukhi, izihloko ezinamathelayo, izisekelo ezintantayo noma izingxoxo ze-modal zivame ukuvimba isici ofuna ukusichofoza. Uma uzama ukusebenzisana ngaphandle kokuhlola ukubonakala nokuhlangana, uthola ukwehluleka okungapheli okuvela kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, okuwuhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuhlolwa okungaphelele.
Ukuzenzakalela kokuchofoza okuqinile ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuthathu: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimbondela ezaziwayo ezikhona noma ukuthi zivaliwe; ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isici esiqondiwe siskrolwa sibe yisithombe futhi asinqunyiwe; nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ireferensi yesici osiphethe ihambisana ngempela nendawo esebenzisanayo ofuna ukuyichofoza. Ukukwenza kahle lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokuhlola.
Ikhono lesine ukuthayipha umbhalo kokufakwayo, okuyinto, ezimweni eziningi, elula kakhulu. Ku-WebdriverIO ungase ushayele nje ucingo await element.setValue(“amazambane”), bese kuvela umbhalo. Ngaphandle kokuthi isayithi lisebenzisa amawijethi angavamile enziwe ngokwezifiso noma umlingo osindayo wangaphambili, lokhu kuvame "ukusebenza nje" futhi akudingi mkhosi omningi.
Isenzo sesihlanu esiyisisekelo ukufunda umbhalo ovela ezintweni, isibonelo nge- umbhalo we-const = linda i-element.getText(). Uma ubheka phezulu, lokhu kulula njengokuthayipha, kodwa kuvela izinkinga ezicashile ngoba imitapo yolwazi eminingi ibuyisela wonke umbhalo wesizukulwane kanye nokuqukethwe kwento. Lokho kungabangela izintambo ezimangazayo ezinesikhala esimhlophe esengeziwe noma amalebula ahlanganisiwe.
Ukuze ubhekane nalokhu, kungcono ukuhlola ukuthi umbhalo olindelwe ufakiwe yini kunokuba ulingane ngokupheleleUkusebenzisa into efana text.includes ("Inani lami") imunca ukuhlukahluka okungenangozi kwezikhala noma imihlobiso eyengeziwe. Ungakhetha futhi into ethile njengomthombo wakho ukuze ugweme ngokuphelele umbhalo wengane ongafuneki.
Ikhono lesithupha futhi okungenzeka ukuthi libaluleke kakhulu lokuhlolwa okuzinzile lilindeOnjiniyela abanolwazi ngokuzenzakalelayo bafunda ngokushesha ukuthi ukulindela izimo ukuthi zibe yiqiniso "njengamanje" akunakwenzeka kuwebhu. Amanethiwekhi awalungile, ukuhumusha kungabambezeleka, futhi ukusebenza kweJavaScript akuvumelani ngokwemvelo.
Esikhundleni sokubhala okulindelwe okuqinile okudinga iqiniso elisheshayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezivivinyo eziqinile kulinda lokho kuhlola isimo ngaphakathi kwefasitela lokuvalaIsibonelo, ungase uthole into ethile bese ubiza i- lindaKuze kube umsebenzi ohlola ngokuphindaphindiwe umbhalo wawo kuze kube yilapho ufana nenani elifunwayo noma isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi siphela. Amanye amalabhulali okuqinisekisa afihla lokhu kuvota ngaphakathi kwawo lindela isichazamazwi, kodwa ngokomqondo kuyinto efanayo.
Ukuklama izimo zokulinda ezinhle kuyikhono: ufuna ukuhlola kabusha izingxenye ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngempela kuphela, ugweme imibuzo engadingekile, futhi uchaze izikhathi zokuvala ezibonisa okulindelwe kokusebenza okungokoqobo. Kwenziwe kahle, ukulinda kwenza izivivinyo zakho zikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka okuncane kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokufihla ukuhlehla kokusebenza kwangempela.
Kukhona okunye okukhulunywa ngakho okuhloniphekile okungafaneleki kahle ohlwini lwama-99%: ukususa amakhukhiEzinhlelweni eziningi ucingo olulodwa olufana linda isiphequluli.susa amakhukhi() ibekwe ku- ngaphambiNgamunye i-hook iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa ngakunye kuqala kusukela kuseshini ehlanzekile. Lowo mugqa owodwa uyisihluthulelo sokuzimela phakathi kokuhlolwa nokugwema ukuvuza kwesimo ku-suite yakho.
Inani lebhizinisi: kungani unjiniyela wewebhu ozinikele wokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ebaluleke kakhulu
Ngokombono webhizinisi, ukuqasha unjiniyela wewebhu ogxile ezenzakalelayo kungaba yisikhali sokuncintisana sangempelaEsikhundleni sokuthenga amathuluzi e-SaaS ajwayelekile bese uwanamathisela ngesandla, uthola izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezibonisa izinqubo zakho eziqondile, kusukela ekubhukheni amakamelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemicimbi kuya ekufakweni kwamakhasimende kanye nokukhokhisa.
Inzuzo yokuqala enkulu ukusebenza kahle. Umthuthukisi onekhono angaklama futhi asebenzise izixazululo zewebhu ezenzelwe wena ezizenzakalelayo imisebenzi yokusebenza, zisuse imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngesandla, futhi zinciphise amaphutha abantu. Lokho kuholela ngqo ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokuphatha eziphansi—kokubili ngesikhathi nangemali.
Inzuzo yesibili ukubonakala nokulawulaUma uhlanganisa izinqubo zakho endaweni yesikhulumi sewebhu, ekugcineni ungabona ukuthi kwenzekani kuyo yonke inhlangano. Amadeshibhodi nemibiko yangokwezifiso ikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe amamethrikhi abalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela, okusekela ukwenza izinqumo okusekelwe kudatha esikhundleni sokuzizwa ukhululekile.
Inzuzo yesithathu ukubambisana okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuxhumana. Izinqubo eziningi zebhizinisi zidinga amaqembu amaningi, amagatsha noma abalingani ukuze baxhumane. Ngesixazululo sewebhu esifanele, wonke umuntu usebenza ohlelweni olufanayo, abelane ngolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela, alandelele imisebenzi kanye nezinsuku zokugcina, futhi anciphise ukungaqondani noma umzamo ophindaphindwayo.
Inzuzo yesine ukukhuliswa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimoNjengoba inhlangano yakho ikhula noma ishintshashintsha, ufuna izinhlelo zakho zithuthuke ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kabusha okuphelele. Ipulatifomu yewebhu eklanywe kahle iguquguquka ngokwanele ukufaka izici ezintsha, ukuphatha abasebenzisi abaningi nokuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ezengeziwe ngaphandle kokuwa ngenxa yobunzima bayo.
Inzuzo yesihlanu enkulu ukuphepha nokuthobela imithethoUma ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kusebenzisa ikhambi lewebhu eliklanywe kahle, ungaphoqelela izilawuli zokufinyelela, ubhale ngemfihlo idatha ebucayi futhi ulondoloze imizila yokuhlola. Unjiniyela ochwepheshe angabheka lezi zivikelo kusukela ekuqaleni, okwenza kube lula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomthetho nokuvikela ulwazi lwamakhasimende.
Njenganoma yisiphi isinyathelo esibalulekile, kunezindlela zokushintshana okufanele uzicabangeleUkuthuthukiswa ngokwezifiso kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kusengaphambili ekwakhiweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekuqalisweni. Ithimba lakho lizobhekana nohlelo lokufunda njengoba lizivumelanisa namathuluzi amasha kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza, futhi ungase uthembele kuchwepheshe wangaphandle ukuze uthole ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa.
Kodwa okuhle ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi inqubo yokuphatha noma yokusebenza ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngezixazululo zewebhu: ukuphathwa kwempahla, ukubalwa kwezimali, i-HR, izindlela zokuthengisa, ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende, ukuqoqwa kwezinkokhelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-API namapulatifomu afana ne-WhatsApp Business, i-Stripe noma ama-invoyisi aku-inthanethi, nokunye okuningi. Uma inqubo iphindaphindwa futhi isekelwe emithethweni, ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kungasiza kakhulu.
Amaphrojekthi ajwayelekile okuzenzakalelayo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni athatha izinyanga eziningana. Ngesethi yezinqubo zokuphatha nezokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ephakathi nendawo, ungalindela izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kokuqala kuya ekuthuthukisweni, ekuhlolweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekuzinzisweni. Izikhathi ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobubanzi, ubunzima bokuhlanganiswa kanye nenani labathintekayo abahilelekile.
Awudingi ulwazi olujulile lobuchwepheshe ukuze usebenze kahle nonjiniyela onjaloUchwepheshe omuhle uzobuza imibuzo efanele mayelana nemisebenzi yakho, achaze izinketho zobuchwepheshe ngolimi olulula futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi ukuzenzekela okubangelwayo kuziphatha kanjani. Indima yakho ukwazi ibhizinisi lakho; labo ukulihumushela ezinhlelweni zewebhu ezithembekile nezinakekelwayo.
Uma konke lokhu kuhlangene, ikusasa lokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu lincike kakhulu ezixazululweni ezisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ezisizwa yi-AI kanye neziqhutshwa yi-API. lapho amathuluzi abonakalayo, ukuzenzekela kwesiphequluli, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HTTP kanye nekhodi yangokwezifiso konke kudlala indima. I-AI ingavele ikhiqize iziphetho ezilula eziphikisana noma ezidlula amasayithi amaningi abhalwe ngesandla, kodwa onjiniyela abangabantu basanezela inani elingenakuphikwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ubuciko, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthuthukisi ozimele ohlanganisa ukuzenzekela nomsebenzi wewebhu noma ibhizinisi eliqasha uchwepheshe, ithuba lisekuhleleni lobu buchwepheshe bube okuhlangenwe nakho okuvumelanayo okusindisa isikhathi, kunciphise amaphutha futhi kukhulule abantu ukugxila emsebenzini oshukumisa inaliti ngempela.
