**Ifaka i-Java ku-Linux**
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke nesixazululo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle i-Java kanye nokuhambisana kwayo emhlabeni wokuthuthuka. I-Java, ulimi lokuhlela olugxile entweni, isetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenza kumapulatifomu amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-Linux, i-macOS, ne-Windows. Idume kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukusebenziseka kalula, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwemitapo yolwazi nama-API.
Ifaka i-Java Development Kit (JDK)
Ukuze uqale ukufaka i-Java ku-Linux, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ufake i-Java Development Kit (JDK). I-JDK iza ne-Java Runtime Environment (JRE), edingekayo ekwenzeni izinhlelo ze-Java ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux. Izinyathelo ezingezansi zinemininingwane yokuthi ungawufeza kanjani lo msebenzi:
- Buyekeza uhlu lwakho lwephakheji ye-Linux ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo kutheminali:
sudo apt-get update
- Faka iphakheji ye-OpenJDK ngomyalo olandelayo:
sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk
- Ngemva kokufaka ngempumelelo iphakheji ye-OpenJDK, qinisekisa ukufakwa ngokusebenzisa umyalo:
java -version
Uma ukufakwa kuphumelele, kufanele ubone imininingwane mayelana nenguqulo ye-Java efakiwe.
Ukusetha Okuguquguqukayo Kwemvelo
Ngemuva kokufaka i-JDK, kubalulekile ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwendawo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenziseka nokuhleleka kwendawo yakho yokuthuthuka.
- INDLELA: Lokhu okuhlukile kuqukethe uhlu lwemibhalo lapho isistimu isesha khona izinhlelo ezisebenzisekayo. Ukwengeza i-JDK kulolu hlu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Java iyabonakala futhi iyafinyeleleka kunoma iyiphi inkomba ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux.
- I-Java_HOME: Lokhu okuhlukile kumelela uhla lwemibhalo lokufaka lwe-JDK. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwa ku-Java ukuthola ukufakwa kwe-JDK.
Ukuze usethe lokhu okuguquguqukayo kwendawo, landela lezi zinyathelo ezingezansi:
1. Vula ifayela /etc/imvelo kusihleli sombhalo esinamalungelo okuphatha. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-nano ngokubhala:
sudo nano /etc/environment
2. Engeza imigqa elandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela, esikhundleni se-โ/your/java/pathโ ngomzila wangempela wokufaka we-JDK:
JAVA_HOME="/your/java/path" export JAVA_HOME PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export PATH
3. Gcina ifayela bese uphuma kusihleli sombhalo.
4. Layisha kabusha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa umyalo:
source /etc/environment
Manje, usufake ngempumelelo inguqulo ye-Java edingekayo futhi ulungiselele okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo.
Ukuqonda Imitapo yolwazi ye-Java kanye nemisebenzi
Imitapo yolwazi ye-Java nemisebenzi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni inqubo yokuthuthukisa ibe lula. Umtapo wolwazi omkhulu kanye nokuba khona kwemisebenzi kwenza abathuthukisi bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngempumelelo nangempumelelo, ngaphandle kokudinga ukubhala ikhodi kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ihlola Ilabhulali Ejwayelekile ye-Java
Umtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile we-Java, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Java API (I-Application Programming Interface), uqukethe amakilasi amaningi akhiwe ngaphambilini nezindlela eziwusizo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokuhlela. Ahlelwa abe amaphakheji, asiza ukuhlukanisa amakilasi ahlobene nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zibe yindawo eyodwa yegama.
Amanye amaphakheji asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka:
- java.lang: Le phakheji ihlinzeka ngamakilasi ayisisekelo nokuxhumana okudingekayo kulimi lohlelo lwe-Java. Kuhlanganisa amakilasi afana ne-Object, String, Math, kanye neSistimu.
- java.util: Le phakheji inikeza iqoqo lamakilasi okusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zedatha (i-ArrayList, i-HashMap, njll.), izinsiza zedethi nesikhathi, nokukhiqizwa kwenombolo okungahleliwe.
- java.io: Le phakheji iqukethe amakilasi adingekayo ekusebenzeni kokufakwayo, njengokufunda nokubhalela amafayela, ikhonsoli, nokunye ukusakazwa kwedatha.
- java.net: Le phakheji ihlinzeka ngamakilasi ohlelo lwenethiwekhi, njengokusebenzisa amasokhethi e-TCP/IP nokusebenza ngama-URL.
Sengiphetha, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Java kuplathifomu ye-Linux kudinga ulwazi olunzulu lwenqubo yokufaka, ukucushwa kwezimo eziguquguqukayo, kanye nokuqonda imitapo yolwazi ye-Java nemisebenzi. Nge-JDK efanele kanye neziguquguquko zemvelo ezisethwe kahle, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa amandla aphelele we-Java APIs ukuze bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla nezisebenza kahle.