Ama-APT (Amathuluzi Okucubungula Isichasiselo) asetshenziselwa ukucubungula izichasiselo kumafayela ekhodi yomthombo futhi akhiqize ikhodi eyengeziwe ngokusekelwe kulezo zichasiselo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokufaka nokusebenzisa i-APT ku-Java. Sizophinde sinikeze incazelo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo sekhodi futhi sijule emitatsheni yolwazi ehlobene nemisebenzi ebandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwe-APT.
Ifaka i-APT
Njengemfuneko, uzodinga ukuthi i-Java Development Kit (JDK) ifakwe ohlelweni lwakho. Uma usufake i-JDK, ungaqala ukusebenzisa i-APT njengoba iza ihlanganiswe ne-JDK, ikakhulukazi, i-JDK 5 nezinguqulo ezilandelayo. Uma isistimu yakho isivele ilungiselelwe nge-JDK, ungadlulela esigabeni esilandelayo ukuze ufunde ngokusebenzisa i-APT kumaphrojekthi akho e-Java.
Ukusebenzisa i-APT ku-Java
Ukuze uqonde ukusetshenziswa kwe-APT ku-Java, ake sidlule kunqubo yokudala iphrosesa yangokwezifiso yesichasiselo. Lokhu kuhilela izinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Dala isichasiselo
2. Dala iphrosesa yesichasiselo
3. Sebenzisa isichasiselo ekilasini le-Java
// Step 1: Create an annotation import java.lang.annotation.*; @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) public @interface CustomAnnotation { String value() default "Default value"; }
Lapha, sidale isichasiselo esisha esibizwa ngokuthi `CustomAnnotation` enenani elizenzakalelayo.
// Step 2: Create a processor for the annotation import javax.annotation.processing.*; import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion; import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement; @SupportedAnnotationTypes("CustomAnnotation") @SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_8) public class CustomAnnotationProcessor extends AbstractProcessor { @Override public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) { // Process the annotations } }
Le processor yangokwezifiso inweba isigaba esithi `AbstractProcessor` kuphakheji `yejavax.annotation.processing` futhi icubungule `CustomAnnotation`. Indlela `yenqubo` yilapho ikhodi ekhiqizwe ngokusekelwe ezichasiselweni izobhalwa khona.
// Step 3: Use the annotation in a Java class @CustomAnnotation(value = "Sample value") public class AnnotatedClass { // Class implementation }
Lapha, isichasiselo sisetshenziswa ekilasini le-Java elibizwa ngokuthi `I-AnnotatedClass` enenani langokwezifiso.
Imitapo yolwazi kanye Nemisebenzi Ehlobene
Izichasiselo zolimi lohlelo lwe-Java
- i-javadoc: I-Javadoc ingumjeneretha wemibhalo ojwayelekile we-Java. Ingalungiselelwa ukusebenzisa ama-doclets angokwezifiso, afana namaphrosesa wezichasiselo.
- I-JSR 269: I-Java Language Specification ihlanganisa i-API ejwayelekile yokucubungula isichasiselo (JSR 269) eyenza abathuthukisi be-Java bahlanganyele nezichasiselo ngokohlelo.
- I-Google Auto: Iqoqo lomthombo ovulekile wamalabhulali wokusebenzisa amaphrosesa wezichasiselo nokukhiqiza ikhodi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.
Imisebenzi ehlobene ne-APT
- I-AbstractProcessor: Isigaba sesisekelo sokubhala amaphrosesa wezichasiselo zangokwezifiso, okumele akhishwe ukuze kusetshenziswe ingqondo yokucubungula izichasiselo ezithile.
- I-Messager: Isigaba sosizo esinikezwe i-JSR 269 ngokubika amaphutha, izexwayiso, nezinye izaziso phakathi nokucubungula isichasiselo.
- I-Filer: Isigaba sokusetshenziswa ku-JSR 269 sokudala umthombo omusha, ikilasi, noma amafayela asizayo ukuze kugcinwe ikhodi ekhiqiziwe noma imethadatha.
Sengiphetha, ukusebenzisa i-APT kumaphrojekthi we-Java kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise amandla ezichasiselo okukhiqiza amakhodi nokuhlaziya, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa nokufundeka kwephrojekthi. Ngamathuluzi namalabhulali okukhulunywe ngawo kulesi sihloko, onjiniyela bangakha amaphrosesa angokwezifiso ezichasiselo ukuze afanele izidingo zabo ezithile.