Ukusebenzisana Kwamathuluzi Okubhala Ikhodi ne-MCP kanye ne-A2A

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Ama-ejenti e-AI awasewona nje ama-chatbot amahle aphendula imibuzo ngefasitela elilodwa. Baphenduka babe izinhlelo ezisatshalaliswe ezingakwazi ukufunda nokubhala ikhodi, ukushayela ama-API, ukuxhumanisa nezinye izinsizakalo ngisho nokuxoxisana namanye ama-ejenti ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi. Lapho nje ususuka ekubeni “umsizi oyedwa ohlakaniphile” uye ekubeni “inethiwekhi yama-ejenti”, kuvela inkinga enkulu: zonke lezi zingcezu zikhuluma kanjani zodwa ngaphandle kokungena esiphithiphithini?

Yilokho kanye igebe elizanywa ukuligcwalisa yi-MCP (Model Context Protocol) kanye ne-A2A (Agent-to-Agent Protocol). I-MCP igxile endleleni i-ejenti exhumana ngayo namathuluzi, idatha kanye nomongo, kuyilapho i-A2A igxile endleleni ama-ejenti axhumana futhi abambisana ngayo. Ahlangana emoyeni kodwa asebenza ngezingqimba ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sizongena ngokujulile kulokho okwenziwa yilowo nalowo, ukuthi ahambisana kanjani, ukuthi asevele esetshenziswa kanjani ezinhlelweni zangempela, nokuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ngekusasa lamathuluzi okubhala ikhodi kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-ejenti amaningi.

Lokho i-MCP eyikho ngempela empeleni

Empeleni, i-MCP iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuveza amathuluzi, izinsiza kanye nemiyalezo ku-ejenti ye-AI ukuze i-ejenti ikwazi ukuyishayela ngokuphephile nangokungaguquguquki. Esikhundleni sokuxhumanisa ithuluzi ngalinye ngqo ku-ejenti ngayinye ngekhodi yeglue eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, uveza lawo mathuluzi ngemuva kweseva ye-MCP, bese uvumela amaklayenti e-MCP (ama-ejenti) ukuthi awathole futhi awasebenzise ngephrothokholi ehlanganisiwe.

I-MCP ilandela ukwakheka okucacile kweklayenti neseva: uhlelo lokusebenza lomsingathi (njengomhleli, i-CLI noma isikhathi sokusebenza se-ejenti) lufaka iklayenti le-MCP, futhi lelo klayenti livula ukuxhumana komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye kumaseva e-MCP eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Iseva ngayinye iyinqubo elula nje eveza inqwaba yamakhono - ngokuvamile amathuluzi, izinsiza zokufunda kuphela kanye nemiyalelo engasetshenziswa kabusha.

Ugqozi lusondelene kakhulu ne-Language Server Protocol (LSP). I-LSP isuse inkinga ethi “izici zolimi zomhleli ↔” ngakho-ke kwakungadingeki sibhale ukuhlanganiswa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso phakathi komhleli ngamunye kanye nolimi ngalunye lokuhlela. Uma usebenzisa iseva yolimi kanye, noma yimuphi umhleli ohambisana ne-LSP angakhuluma nayo. I-MCP ithatha umqondo ofanayo futhi iwusebenzise kumathuluzi kanye nomongo wama-LLM: sebenzisa ithuluzi kanye njengeseva ye-MCP, futhi wonke umenzeli owaziyo nge-MCP angalisebenzisa.

Ngokombono wezokuthutha, i-MCP iguquguquka kodwa inemibono eyanele ukuba ibe wusizo. Isebenzisa i-JSON‑RPC 2.0 njengefomethi yemilayezo futhi isekela ukuthuthwa okuningi: i-stdio yezinqubo zasendaweni (kuhle kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu kanye ne-dev yendawo) kanye ne-HTTP noma i-SSE yamaseva akude (afanelekela i-Cloud Run noma ukuthunyelwa okufakwe ezitsheni). Iphrothokholi iphinde ichaze ukuthi iklayenti lithola kanjani amakhono nokuthi amathuluzi achazwa kanjani kusetshenziswa i-JSON Schema ukuze i-LLM ikwazi ukunquma ukuthi izowabiza nini futhi kanjani.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-MCP ayizami ukuhlela ukucabanga kwe-ejenti yakho. Akunqumi nini ithuluzi kufanele lisetshenziswe, noma ukuthi amathuluzi kufanele aboshwe kanjani. I-MCP iwungqimba lwezintambo: yenza amathuluzi, izinsiza kanye nemiyalelo kutholakale ngendlela ehlelekile netholakala kalula, ishiya ukwenza izinqumo kuhlaka lwakho lwe-ejenti, umhleli noma ubunjiniyela be-prompt.

Izinto zokwakha ze-MCP eziyinhloko: amathuluzi, izinsiza kanye nezeluleko

Amaseva e-MCP ajikeleza ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: amathuluzi, izinsiza kanye nemiyalelo. Le mibono emithathu yanele ukumboza izidingo eziningi ze-ejenti yangempela ngaphandle kokuguqula inqubo ibe uhlaka oluphelele lokuhlelwa.

Amathuluzi ayizenzo ezihlukile ezingabangelwa yi-ejenti. Cabanga "get_weather","search_inventory","book_flight","run_sql_query"Noma"get_exchange_rate"Ithuluzi ngalinye limenyezelwa ngegama, incazelo efundeka ngumuntu kanye neschema yokufaka. Leso schema yilokho okuvumela i-LLM ukuthi iqonde ukuthi yimaphi amapharamitha okufanele iwadlule, futhi sivikela ne-backend yakho ngokuqinisekisa izimpikiswano ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Izinsiza zimelela idatha yokufunda kuphela iseva engayinikeza uma kudingeka. Amafayela, amalogi, imigqa yesizindalwazi, izingcezu zemibhalo, amafayela okusetha - noma yiluphi ulwazi olungcono olubizwa ngokuthi "ukulanda le nto" kunokuthi "usebenzise lo msebenzi". Izinsiza zingaba zikhulu, ngakho-ke i-MCP ichaza izindlela zokuzibuka nokuzisakaza, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho ufaka umongo kumodeli enefasitela elilinganiselwe.

Izikhuthazo ziyizifanekiso ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezingavela kumaseva kumakhasimende. Esikhundleni sokufaka ikhodi eqinile yezintambo ezinde nezibuthakathaka ngaphakathi kwe-ejenti yakho, ungazibeka phakathi njengezicelo ze-MCP. Iseva iziveza ngamagama, izincazelo kanye nezikhala zamapharamitha, futhi iklayenti ligcwalisa lezo zikhala ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kunamandla ngokumangazayo lapho ama-ejenti amaningi edinga ukwabelana ngamaphethini afanayo okuthi angakhuluma kanjani nethuluzi elithile noma alandele imithetho yokuphepha nokuthobela imithetho yenkampani yonke.

Uma iklayenti lixhuma kuseva, lenza isinyathelo sokuthola ikhono. Iseva iphendula ngekhathalogi yamathuluzi, izinsiza kanye nemiyalelo, ngayinye ine-metadata enemininingwane. Leyo khathalogi ibe isifakwa ku-LLM (ngokuvamile ngesimo esifingqiwe) ukuze imodeli ikwazi ukucabanga: “Ngingasebenzisa get_exchange_rate ukuphendula lo mbuzo mayelana nokuguqulwa kwemali, futhi akufanele ngizame ukuqamba impendulo.

Ngenxa yokuthi konke lokhu kuyamemezela, amakhono amasha angangezwa noma asuswe ngaphandle kokuthinta ingqondo eyinhloko ye-ejenti. Engeza ithuluzi elisha kuseva, ulisebenzise kabusha, futhi wonke amaklayenti e-MCP axhumayo azolibona engxoxweni elandelayo yamandla. Lesi yisikhathi "sokuxhuma idivayisi eyodwa ye-USB" sokufaka amathuluzi e-AI.

Isibonelo esiqondile se-MCP: ithuluzi lokuguqula imali

Idemo ye-ejenti yemali evela ku-Google's Agent Development Kit (ADK) iyisibonelo esiphelele se-MCP esebenza. Kuqala ngokwakha iseva encane ye-MCP eveza ithuluzi elilodwa, get_exchange_rate, isekelwa yi-Frankfurter API yomphakathi. Kudiski kuyisikripthi esincane nje se-Python esisebenzisa fastmcp.

Iseva ichaza ithuluzi ngezimpikiswano ezithayishiwe ze- currency_from, currency_to futhi currency_date, kanye nokugcina okuqinile kanye nokuphathwa kwamaphutha. Uma i-ejenti iyibiza, iseva ishaya iFrankfurter nge-HTTP, iqinisekise impendulo bese ibuyisela umthwalo we-JSON onesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwemali noma into yephutha. Akukho lutho ngalokhu oluqondene ne-AI; i-MCP imane nje ilinganisa indlela lo msebenzi ochazwa futhi osetshenziswa ngayo.

Endaweni, usebenzisa iseva ngomyalo olula bese ilalela ku- http://localhost:8080. Iklayenti elihlukile lokuhlola, elisebenzisa i-MCP, liyaxhuma, lithola get_exchange_rate futhi ibangela ukubizwa kwe-USD → EUR. Ilogi ikhombisa isicelo sethuluzi, isicelo se-HTTP esiphumayo, impendulo ephumelelayo kanye ne-JSON ebuyisiwe. Ngokombono we-ejenti yakho, ibuze nje ukuthi “yimaphi amathuluzi enginawo?” bese ithi “ngicela ushayele leli”.

Ukufaka iseva efanayo ku-Cloud Run akushintshi indaba nhlobo. Ufaka iseva ye-MCP equkethe, bese uyisebenzisa --no-allow-unauthenticated ngakho-ke idinga ukuqinisekiswa okusekelwe yi-IAM, bese ivula umhubhe ophephile kusuka emshinini wakho wendawo usebenzisa umyalo we-Cloud Run proxy. Endaweni, iklayenti lakho le-MCP lisacabanga ukuthi likhuluma no http://127.0.0.1:8080; i-proxy iphatha i-auth kanye ne-network hops ngokusobala.

Le ndlela inamandla emaqenjini: ungasebenzisa iseva ye-MCP ephakathi yamathuluzi abiwe njengezilinganiso zemali, ama-API angaphakathi noma izizindalwazi zobunikazi. Wonke umenzeli wonjiniyela enhlanganweni angaxhuma kuleyo seva ngezokuthutha eziphephile esikhundleni sokuthumela i-wrapper yakhe ehlukile kancane, egcinwe ingxenye ezungeze i-API efanayo.

Ama-ejenti okwakha aphezu kwe-MCP: kusukela kumathuluzi angawodwa kuya emisebenzini egcwele

I-MCP iba ​​mnandi kakhulu uma uyifaka ohlakeni lwe-ejenti njenge-ADK ka-Google. Esibonelweni se-ejenti yemali, i-ADK isetshenziselwa ukudala i-ejenti ekhethekile ye-LLM enomsebenzi wayo kuphela ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana namazinga okushintshanisa usebenzisa ithuluzi le-MCP. Imiyalelo yesistimu ye-ejenti iyitshela ngokoqobo: "inhloso yakho kuphela ukusebenzisa get_exchange_rate ithuluzi”.

I-ADK ihlanganisa lo myalelo, imodeli ekhethiwe (isibonelo gemini-2.5-flash) kanye ne MCPToolset isibonelo esikhomba i-URL yeseva ye-MCP. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uma umsebenzisi ebuza ukuthi “Ingakanani imali engu-250 CAD ngama-USD?”, umenzeli ucabanga ngokuthi uyayidinga yini i-tool call, agcwalise amapharamitha e-tool, athumele isicelo nge-MCP bese ebhala impendulo enobungani nomsebenzisi esebenzisa i-JSON ebuyisiwe.

Iphethini efanayo ifinyelela kuma-ejenti ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Esikhundleni se-API yemali eyodwa ungaxhumanisa amaseva amaningi: elilodwa lama-database angaphakathi, elinye le-SaaS yangaphandle, elinye lokusesha amadokhumenti, kanye neseva eveza izixwayiso ezingasetshenziswa kabusha noma amapayipi e-RAG. I-MCP ayinandaba ukuthi lawo maseva asebenza endaweni, ku-Cloud Run, ku-Kubernetes noma ngemuva kwe-VPN, inqobo nje uma ezokuthutha zisekelwa futhi ukuqinisekiswa kulungiselelwe kahle.

I-ADK iphinde yengeze umbono we-ejenti kuqala ogwenywa yi-MCP ngamabomu. Iphatha ama-ejenti njengezingxenye zesofthiwe ezingahlanganiswa: ungachaza ama-ejenti asekelwe ku-LLM, ama-ejenti asindayo kumathuluzi, ama-ejenti okuhlola kanye nabahleli, bonke abakwazi ukukhuluma nge-MCP ngendlela engavamile. Umphumela uba ukuthi "ukwakha i-ejenti" kuqala ukubukeka kakhulu njengo-"kwakha insizakalo encane" futhi kungasaphathwa "ukushintsha isikhuthazo esingapheli encwadini yamanothi".

Kuyini i-A2A - nokuthi kungani i-MCP yodwa inganele

Uma i-MCP imayelana nama-ejenti okuxhumanisa amathuluzi, i-A2A imayelana nama-ejenti okuxhumanisa amanye ama-ejenti. Uma nje usunama-ejenti amaningi awaziyo ukwenza okuthile kahle, udinga indlela yokuthi atholane, ashintshisane ngemisebenzi futhi ahlale ehambisana ngesikhathi umsebenzi usaqhubeka. Leso yindawo yenkinga eyenzelwe i-A2A.

I-A2A, eyasungulwa yi-Google Cloud futhi manje ngaphansi kwe-Linux Foundation, iyindinganiso evulekile yokusebenzisana kwe-ejenti ne-ejenti. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile (i-HTTP(S), i-JSON‑RPC 2.0, kanye ne-SSE yokusakaza) kodwa ibuhlanganisa ngemodeli yesizinda eqonda ama-ejenti, amakhono, imisebenzi, izinto zobuciko kanye namakhono. Esikhundleni "sokubiza ngamathuluzi", uthola ulimi lokubambisana olusezingeni eliphezulu.

Imibono emibili eyinhloko ku-A2A Amakhadi e-Ejenti kanye neMisebenzi. Ikhadi le-ejenti liyidokhumenti ye-JSON - evame ukutholakala ku- /.well-known/agent.json – lokho kuchaza lokho i-ejenti engakwenza, ukuthi ingakufinyelela kanjani, ukuthi ilindele ukuqinisekiswa okunjani kanye nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokufaka/zokukhipha ezisekelayo. Imisebenzi yizingxenye zomsebenzi i-ejenti eyodwa engazithumela kwenye, ngomjikelezo wokuphila ochazwe kahle kanye nemiphumela ehlelekile.

Ekusebenzisaneni kwe-A2A, i-ejenti eyodwa ithatha indima “ye-ejenti yeklayenti” kanti enye isebenza “njenge-ejenti ekude”. Iklayenti lithola ikhadi le-ejenti ekude, linqume ukuthi ngabe lona ngumlingani ofanele yini kulo msebenzi, bese lidala isicelo somsebenzi. I-ejenti ekude ithola umsebenzi, isebenzisa i-LLM yayo kanye namathuluzi angaphakathi (ngokuvamile nge-MCP) ukuze iwenze, bese isakaza izibuyekezo zenqubekela phambili kanye nezinto zokugcina.

Lo mklamo wenza i-A2A ibe yindawo eqondile, ihambisane kahle futhi ivumelane nenethiwekhi. Ngaphansi kwe-hood, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Python kwakha phezu kwezinhlaka ze-ASGI ezifana ne-Starlette (ngokusebenzisa A2AStarletteApplication) kanye ne-uvicorn, kanye nezinto zobuciko kanye nezibuyekezo zemisebenzi ezigeleza phezu kwe-JSON RPC kanye ne-SSE. Lokho kusho ukuthi imisebenzi ingasebenza imizuzwana noma amahora ngaphandle kokuvimba isicelo esisodwa se-HTTP, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yama-ejenti amaningi emhlabeni wangempela.

Isibonelo se-A2A: ukudalula i-ejenti ethi “Sawubona” nangale kwalokho

I-“HelloWorldAgent” ye-A2A engokomthetho ikhombisa indlela yokusebenza ngendlela ehlutshiwe. Uchaza i- AgentExecutor isigaba esincane esisebenzisa i- execute indlela. Ngaphakathi, ufaka umlayezo owodwa wombhalo – “Sawubona kusuka ku-A2A!” – emgqeni womcimbi njengomphumela womsebenzi. Ukukhansela kuba yinto engavumelekile kuleli cala elilula, kodwa kukhona i-hook yemithwalo yemisebenzi yangempela.

Okulandelayo udala AgentSkill echaza lokho okungenziwa yileli nxusa. Esibonelweni, ikhono hello inegama, incazelo, isethi yamathegi kanye nemibuzo emele abasebenzisi. Lelo khono libe selihlanganiswa libe yi- AgentCard kanye negama le-ejenti, inguqulo, i-URL, amakhono kanye nezindlela zokufaka/zokukhipha ezisekelwayo.

Ekugcineni, uhlanganisa konke kube A2AStarletteApplication nge DefaultRequestHandler bese uyiqhuba ngaphansi kwe-uvicorn. Ngokuphathelene nomhlaba wangaphandle, manje usune-ejenti ye-A2A ephelele elalele ku- http://localhost:9000Noma yiliphi iklayenti elisekela i-A2A lingalanda /.well-known/agent.json, qonda ukuthi le agent inikeza ini, bese uyithumela imisebenzi.

Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, iphethini efanayo ifinyelela ezimweni zokuhlelwa njengokubhuka kokuhamba, ukungena noma ukusekela okuzenzakalelayo. “I-Travel Agent” ingase ithole futhi ikhulume “ne-Flights Agent”, “Hotels Agent” kanye “ne-Car Rentals Agent”, ngayinye isebenza ngemuva kwe-A2A endpoint yayo futhi ifihla amathuluzi ayo angaphakathi kanye nezinkontileka ze-API ezithile zomthengisi. I-Travel Agent ibona imisebenzi, amakhono kanye nezinto zobuciko.

Yilapho ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga ze-A2A kukhanya khona. I-ejenti ngayinye engezansi ingakhetha amamodeli ayo, izinhlaka namathuluzi – i-ejenti yehhotela eyakhiwe nge-ADK kanye ne-MCP, i-ejenti yendiza eyakhiwe ngesinye isitaki, i-ejenti yokuqasha izimoto ehleli engqalasizinda yomlingani – futhi konke kusasebenza kahle endaweni ye-A2A.

Ukuhlanganisa i-MCP ne-A2A ndawonye ekwakhiweni okukodwa

Ephepheni ukuhlukaniswa kuzwakala kucocekile – i-MCP yamathuluzi, i-A2A yama-ejenti – kodwa empeleni imingcele ifiphala ngokushesha. Izinhlelo zangempela zivame ukufuna ukufihla i-A2A ngemuva kwe-MCP, ungqimba lwe-MCP ngaphakathi kwe-A2A, noma ukuxuba kokubili enqubweni efanayo. Amasampula asemthethweni e-A2A aze ahlanganise ukuxhumana kwe-A2A njengamathuluzi e-MCP adalulwe kuseva eyodwa, ukuze i-LLM ibone "isethi yamathuluzi e-MCP eyodwa" esikhundleni sezitaki ezimbili zephrothokholi ezifanayo.

Iphethini eyodwa evamile ukuphatha i-MCP njengocingo lwangaphakathi lwe-ejenti ngayinye kanye ne-A2A njengenethiwekhi yangaphandle phakathi kwama-ejenti. Ngaphakathi kwe-ejenti, i-LLM yakho ibiza amathuluzi e-MCP ukuze afinyelele kudathabheyisi, ama-API noma izitolo zamadokhumenti. Ngaphandle, i-orchestrator yakho ikhuluma nalowo menzeli nge-A2A, edlulisela imisebenzi futhi efunda izinto zobuciko emuva. Ngokombono we-orchestrator, i-ejenti iyisevisi yebhokisi elimnyama ene-interface ehlanzekile, ethayishiwe.

Iphethini ephambene - ukuveza i-A2A njengamathuluzi e-MCP - iyakhanga ngokombono wokuhlanganisa. Abahlinzeki abaningi be-LLM sebevele banamathuluzi athuthukisiwe azungeze i-MCP: ama-devtools, ama-demo e-UI, ama-SDK kanye neziqondiso zokuphepha. Ngokudalula "i-contact remote agent X" njengethuluzi elilodwa le-MCP, uvumela i-LLM ukuthi iqalise ukusebenzisana kwe-A2A ngokusetha okuncane. Ubhalisa iseva eyodwa ye-MCP kuphela, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-hood, leyo seva ingaba umthengisi wemisebenzi kuyo yonke inethiwekhi ye-A2A.

Yilokhu kanye okuboniswa ezinye izibonelo zama-repo: esikhundleni sokuxhumanisa yonke i-ejenti ye-A2A ekude ngqo kumodeli, iseva ye-MCP inikeza isethi encane yamathuluzi akhuluma nge-A2A. Lokho kwephula imodeli yengqondo engenalwazi ("i-MCP ne-A2A kumele zihlukane ngokuphelele") kodwa kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo futhi kugcina ubuso bakho be-LLM buncane futhi buhlelwe kahle.

Akukho futhi okukuvimbela ekusebenziseni i-MCP kanye ne-A2A zodwa lapho kunengqondo khona. Amaphrojekthi amaningi azodinga i-MCP kuphela ukuze axhumanise i-ejenti eyodwa kumathuluzi ambalwa. Amanye, ikakhulukazi lapho ehlanganisa abathengisi noma amaqembu angaphakathi, azoncika kakhulu ku-A2A ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlangano eziningi ngenkathi esebenzisa izintambo zawo zangaphakathi esikhundleni se-MCP. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi izinqubo azincintisani - ziyaqamba.

Ukusebenzisana, izinhlaka kanye "nesakhiwo esikhulu" esingekho

Amaphrothokholi wodwa awaqinisekisi ukusebenzisana uma wonke umuntu ewafaka ezindleleni zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihlukene kakhulu. Ungakhuluma i-MCP ne-A2A ephelele bese ugcina une-zoo yamaphethini e-ejenti angahambisani aphinde asungule ukuhlela, inkumbulo, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha kanye nokuphatha.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo okungenzeka kube yi-ecosystem ungqimba lwezinhlaka ezakhiwe phezu kwe-MCP ne-A2A ezilinganisa hhayi izintambo kuphela, kodwa nesakhiwo esikhulu. Cabanga ngendlela ama-web framework avela ngayo phezu kwe-HTTP noma indlela ama-ORM akhe ngayo phezu kwe-SQL. Sesiqala ukubona lokhu nge-ADK, ama-orchestrator afana ne-LangGraph, amapulatifomu aphethwe njenge-Vertex AI Agent Engine kanye nama-AI gateways aqonda zombili lezi zinqubo.

Uma imboni isihlangana ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo – “lena indlela ohlela ngayo umsebenzi wama-ejenti amaningi phezu kwe-A2A kanye ne-MCP”, “lena indlela oveza ngayo amathuluzi amaqembu ngemuva kwe-MCP” – ukukhononda ngokuthi ngabe kukhona yini “okufanele kube ngemuva kwe-MCP noma i-A2A” kuzoqala ukunyamalala. Abakhi abaningi bazokhetha uhlaka, baxhume iseva eyodwa noma ezimbili, bese bethola okuzenzakalelayo okunengqondo.

Inkinga enzima kakhulu, ehamba kancane ubunjiniyela obusheshayo kanye nokusebenzisana okusheshayo. Ngisho noma unezinqubo eziphelele, uma uxhuma izinhlelo nge-MCP kanye ne-A2A uvumela ngempumelelo izixwayiso ezingahleliwe - imiyalelo yesistimu, izincazelo zamathuluzi, imigqa yokuphepha - ukuthi zivuze futhi zisebenzisane ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Uma lezo zixwayiso zingaqondani kahle, zingasasebenzi noma ziphikisana ngokuphelele, ukusebenza kwakho kuyaphela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinkinga zokuphepha.

Empeleni, iziyalezo nemiyalelo eklanywe kabi kuyo yonke i-MCP + A2A stack kungadala ukubambezeleka okukhulu, ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokungazinzi. I-ejenti ngayinye ingase "ikhuthazwe kahle" endaweni, kodwa uma uyibeka eceleni, ukugeleza kungaba buthakathaka: amathuluzi abekwa phambili ngendlela engafanele, amafasitela omongo ayachithwa futhi okulindelwe ezingeni lomsebenzisi kuyaphulwa. I-A2A ingahlela imisebenzi, i-MCP ingadalula amathuluzi, kodwa ayikho ekuphoqa ukuthi ugcine imiyalo ihambisana.

Yingakho amaqembu athumele imikhiqizo ye-LLM ngezinga elikhulu evame ukuphatha ubunjiniyela obusheshayo njengokukhathazeka kobunjiniyela bezinga lokuqala, hhayi ushintsho lomzuzu wokugcina. Ababambiqhaza bebhizinisi bavame ukubona izimpendulo njengendlela emangalisayo yokulungisa konke; onjiniyela ngezinye izikhathi bayayilahla izimpendulo njengemininingwane yesibili uma kuqhathaniswa nekhodi. Iqiniso liphakathi nendawo: izimpendulo ngeke zenze uhlelo olubi lube luhle, kodwa izimpendulo ezingahlelekile zingaqinisa ukwakheka okuqinile.

Ukuphepha, ubuwena kanye nokuphatha kulo lonke i-MCP kanye ne-A2A

Uma usuqalile ukuvumela amanxusa ukuthi enze okuthile egameni labantu ngaphesheya kwemingcele ye-MCP kanye ne-A2A, ubuwena kanye nokugunyazwa kuba yizinkinga ezibalulekile ngokushesha. Isicelo esisodwa singadlula ezingqimbeni eziningana zokudlulisela: umsebenzisi ukhuluma ne-ejenti ye-orchestrator, ebiza ithuluzi ngaphezu kwe-MCP, elibiza ngaphakathi amanye amaseva e-MCP noma ama-ejenti e-A2A adinga iziqinisekiso ezihlukile.

Izimo ezingokoqobo ziyavela yonke indawo: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-SaaS luveza iseva ye-MCP edinga amathokheni e-OAuth; i-ejenti yangaphakathi ye-HR ngemuva kwe-A2A isebenzisa ubunikazi be-LDAP benkampani; ithuluzi lokuhlaziya lenkampani yangaphandle lisebenzisa i-SSO yalo. Umsebenzisi ulindele ukuthi "ungene kanye bese wenza izinto", kodwa ngemuva kwezigcawu izinhlelo eziningi zobunikazi kumele zihlanganiswe.

Amadokhumenti e-A2A e-Google abiza ngokusobala inhlangano yobuzwe obuningi njengenselele eyinhloko. Umsebenzisi u-U angase asebenzisane ne-Agent A edinga ubunikazi besistimu A (ake sithi, i-LDAP yebhizinisi), kuyilapho i-Agent A ngaphakathi idinga ukudlulisela ku-Agent B edinga ubunikazi besistimu B (ake sithi, umhlinzeki we-SaaS wangaphandle). Amaphrothokholi kufanele asekele ukuthwala nokuhlola lobu bunikazi ngaphandle kokuphoqa abasebenzisi ukuthi baphinde baqinisekise ngesandla kukho konke ukugxuma.

Abahlinzeki bobunikazi kanye namapulatifomu e-OAuth/OIDC bajwayela ngokushesha leli qiniso elisha. Ingqalasizinda efana ne-Logto, i-Auth0 noma abahlinzeki bomazisi bangaphakathi bangakwazi kakade ukukhipha amathokheni athwalwa yi-ejenti ngezingcingo ze-MCP kanye ne-A2A. Umbuzo ovulekile awukhona ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka yini - kusobala ukuthi kungenzeka - kodwa ukuthi siwalinganisa kanjani amaphethini ukuze ithuluzi elakhiwe namuhla lingabi yisibopho sokuphepha noma sokubusa kusasa.

Ngaphezu kogunyazo, ukuqaphela kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwenqubomgomo cishe kuzongena “emasangweni e-ejenti” ahlanganyelwe. Lawo masango angaqeda ithrafikhi ye-MCP ne-A2A, ahlanganise ukuloga ndawonye, ​​aphoqelele imikhawulo yamanani, anamathisele ubunikazi bomsebenzisi kanye ne-ejenti futhi ahlunge ngisho namathuluzi noma ama-ejenti afinyeleleka kuziphi izimo. Lokhu kuqala ukubukeka njenge-API gateways - kulungiselelwe nje ithrafikhi ye-AI esikhundleni se-vanilla HTTP.

Uma sibuyela emuva, i-MCP ne-A2A bashintsha buthule indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe namathuluzi okubhala ikhodi. Kwabathuthukisi, umsizi wokubhala ikhodi oxhunywe ku-MCP kanye ne-ACP (i-Agent Client Protocol yama-IDE) angathola amathuluzi, ashayele amaseva olimi, ahlanganiswe nokulawula inguqulo futhi akhulume nama-ejenti abanye ababhala ikhodi - konke lokhu ngokusebenzisa amaphrothokholi ajwayelekile. Kwamabhizinisi, izinhlelo zama-ejenti amaningi zingasebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu nabathengisi ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha yonke into yesimo ngasinye sokusetshenziswa okusha.

Ushintsho lwesikhathi eside lusuka "kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezixhunywe ngocingo oluqinile" luye "kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ejenti". Njengoba nje i-USB ne-HTTP kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuxhuma amadivayisi nezinsizakalo ezingahleliwe, i-MCP ne-A2A zihlose ukwenza amathuluzi nama-ejenti axhunywe kalula. Abaphumelele kuzoba amaqembu aphatha la maphrothokholi hhayi njengama-logo acwebezelayo, kodwa njengengqalasizinda eyisisekelo yokuthi izinhlelo zawo zikhuluma kanjani, zisebenzisana kanjani futhi zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.