I-AMD ivula i-HDMI 2.1 DSC ku-Linux: abashayeli abavulekile, i-bandwidth ephezulu kanye nokukhuthaza i-Steam Machine

Ikhaya » Python » I-AMD ivula i-HDMI 2.1 DSC ku-Linux: abashayeli abavulekile, i-bandwidth ephezulu kanye nokukhuthaza i-Steam Machine

Sekuyiminyaka, abasebenzisi be-Linux abane-Radeon GPU enamandla nama-TV aphezulu bekufanele baphile ngokuphikisana okungajwayelekile: ihadiwe kanye nezintambo zilungele i-HDMI 2.1, kodwa isofthiwe ivaliwe ku-HDMI 2.0Lokho kungafani kwakusho ukuthi kuzoshiya amazinga okuvuselela aphezulu etafuleni, ukujula kombala okungcono kanye nekhono eliphelele lezibonisi zesimanje ze-4K kanye ne-8K noma nini lapho i-HDMI ihlangana khona.

I-AMD manje isivala leso sikhala. Ngegagasi elisha lomsebenzi kumthombo ovulekile Umshayeli we-AMDGPU, inkampani yethule isethi ye ama-patches ahloselwe ukuvumela i-Display Stream Compression (DSC) nge-HDMI 2.1 ku-LinuxLezi zinguquko zifika ngaphezu kwemizamo yangaphambilini mayelana ne-Fixed Rate Link (FRL), indlela yokudlulisa esekela i-bandwidth ephezulu ye-HDMI 2.1 standard, futhi ziphinde zakha kabusha lokho i-HDMI engakunikeza kumapulatifomu avulekile.

Lokho i-AMD ekushintshayo kumshayeli we-Linux AMDGPU

Ngokusho kwemibiko yakamuva evela emphakathini wezithombe ze-Linux, i-AMD ibilokhu ilungisa isibuyekezo esikhulu ku-open driver yayo, ukuhlanganisa ukwesekwa kwe-HDMI 2.1 ne-DSC ne-FRL esitokisini se-AMDGPUKuze kube manje, umshayeli uphathe ngempumelelo ama-port e-HDMI njengezindawo zokugcina ze-HDMI 2.0, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-GPU noma i-TV ixhunyiwe inamandla angakanani.

Lolu chungechunge olusha lweziqeshana luveza zonke izingcezu ezidingekayo ukuze, lapho kokubili i-GPU kanye nesibonisi kuyisekela, isixhumanisi singaxoxisana ngezindlela ze-FRL futhi sisebenze ukucindezelwa kwe-DSCEmpeleni, lokho kusho ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-HDMI akusakhawulelwanga ngokwenziwa uhlelo lokudlulisa oludala futhi ekugcineni lungasebenza ngendlela efanayo nokuxhumeka kwe-DisplayPort yesimanje.

Kusukela embonweni we-kernel, umsebenzi uxhumeka ku-ekhona Ingqalasizinda ye-DRM (Direct Rendering Manager), ukwandisa indlela izindlela eziqinisekiswa ngayo nokuthi i-bandwidth ibalwa kanjani ukulungiselelwa kwe-HDMI okunesinqumo esiphezulu, okuvuselelayo okuphezuluEsikhundleni sokubuyela emikhawulweni elandela imithetho, umshayeli manje ubhekene nesikhala esengeziwe esinikezwa yi-FRL kanye nezindleko eziphansi ngephikseli ngayinye eziza ne-DSC.

Inhloso ye-AMD ukuthi le khodi izohlanganiswa nokukhishwa kwe-kernel ye-Linux okuzayo, kanye nezinkomba ezikhomba ku- ifasitela eliqondiwe elizungeze inguqulo 7.2 ye-kernelLokho kunikeza ukusatshalaliswa isikhathi esicacile qala ukuthumela ukuthuthukiswa kuma-stack abo ehluzo ajwayelekile emijikelezweni elandelayo yokuthuthukiswa.

I-FRL ne-DSC: indlela i-HDMI 2.1 ekugcineni eyelula ngayo imilenze yayo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani la ma-patches ebalulekile, kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa ubuchwepheshe obuhilelekile. I-HDMI 2.1 ayigcini nje ngokwandisa izinombolo; incike ku Isixhumanisi Sezinga Elingaguquki (i-FRL) njengendlela entsha yokudlulisa idatha ngekhebula. I-FRL ithatha indawo yendlela endala ye-TMDS esetshenziswa ku-HDMI 2.0, okwenza kube nokudluliselwa kwedatha okuphezulu kakhulu phezu kwesixhumi esifanayo esibonakalayo.

Ngaphezulu kwe-FRL kuhleli i-Display Stream Compression. I-DSC uhlelo lokucindezela olungabonakali oluklanyelwe ngqo ithrafikhi yokubonisaEsikhundleni sokuthumela ukusakaza kwevidiyo okungakacindezelwa, i-GPU iyakucindezela ngesikhathi sangempela isebenzisa i-algorithm elungisiwe ukuze, empeleni, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokubuka.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-FRL ne-DSC kusho ukuthi uhlelo lungacindezela amamodi abekade engafinyeleleki nge-HDMI. Ngokusekelwa kwe-AMDGPU okubuyekeziwe, I-Linux manje isingakwazi ukushayela izinqumo ze-4K kufika ku-240 Hz nge-HDMI 2.1, futhi ezimweni lapho i-GPU kanye nesibonisi kukuvumela khona, ngisho ne-8K efinyelela ku-120 Hz iba yinto engenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth envelope.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-DSC ayisizi nje kuphela ngesisombululo esiluhlaza kanye namazinga okuvuselela; futhi igcina Ukujula kombala okungu-10-bit kanye nemibala ebanzi lokho bekuzophazamiseka uma uhlelo bekufanele lunciphise ukujula kwe-chroma noma i-bit ukuze kungene ngesixhumanisi se-HDMI 2.0. Lokho kunemiphumela eqondile hhayi emidlalweni kuphela, kodwa futhi nakokuqukethwe kwe-HDR kanye nomsebenzi wobungcweti wokubheka imibala.

Kusukela kuma-bottlenecks e-HDMI 2.0 kuya ku-4K 240 Hz kanye ne-8K 120 Hz

Ngaphansi kokusethwa kwe-Linux kwangaphambilini, noma ngabe unekhadi le-Radeon eliphezulu kanye ne-HDMI 2.1 TV ephezulu, uvame ukuba njalo Ibambeke ku-4K 60 Hz uma usebenzisa i-HDMIUkuthuthela ku-4K 120 Hz noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile kwakusho ukushintshela ku-DisplayPort, uma isikrini sakho siyisekela, noma ukwamukela ukulungiswa okuphansi kanye namazinga okuvuselela.

Njengoba ama-patches amasha e-AMD ekhona, lolo phahla lususwa ngempumelelo. Umshayeli manje angaveza futhi aqinisekise Amamodi angu-4K angu-240 Hz nge-HDMI 2.1 uma i-DSC itholakala, okwenza umkhiqizo we-HDMI uhambisane nalokho i-DisplayPort 1.4 ebilokhu ikunikeza isikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwe-Linux. Kumasethingi amaningi egumbi lokuphumula akhiwe ngama-TV kunama-monitor, lolo shintsho lubaluleke kakhulu.

Ekugcineni okukhulu, ukusekelwa kwe I-8K ifinyelela ku-120 Hz nge-HDMI ivula umnyango wezimo zesikhathi esizayo, noma ngabe ihadiwe yokudlala yanamuhla ayiqhubeki ngempela izihloko ze-triple‑A ku-8K yasendaweni. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwedeskithophu, ukudlala ividiyo, noma imisebenzi yokubonisa ekhethekile, ikhono lokuxoxisana ngalezi zindlela ngqo nge-HDMI ku-Linux kuyisinyathelo esingeyona into encane esiya phambili.

Ngale kwesisombululo esingavuthiwe kanye ne-hertz, ukuziphatha okusha kunezinzuzo ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Ngokungasadingeki ukunciphisa ngobudlova ukusampulwa kwe-chroma noma ukujula kwe-bit, uhlelo lungagcina isignali ehlanzekile, okuyinto kuthuthukisa ukucaca kombhalo futhi kunciphisa ukufiphala okuncane lokho abanye abasebenzisi abakuqaphelile lapho besebenza ngemikhawulo ye-HDMI 2.0 bandwidth. Ngakho-ke izindawo zedeskithophu namamenyu ku-Linux kufanele abukeke ecacile kuma-TV nama-monitor ahambisanayo.

Izithiyo zelayisense nokuthi kungani iLinux isalele emuva ku-HDMI 2.1

Indaba ayiyona nje eyobuchwepheshe. Esinye sezizathu ezenza iLinux ihlale ngemuva ezicini ze-HDMI 2.1 sihlobene uhlaka lwelayisensi oluzungeze ubuchwepheshe be-HDMINakuba ama-GPU nezintambo sezilungile isikhathi esithile, ukuvumela ukusekelwa okuvulekile ngokugcwele, okuhambisana nemigomo ethile kumshayeli ohamba phambili akulula njengokujika iswishi.

Abakhiqizi kudingeka balinganisele izibopho zabo enhlanganweni yelayisensi ye-HDMI nezidingo zekhodi yomthombo ovulekile, lapho imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kanye nokuphathwa kwephrothokholi kuyabonakala esidlangalaleniLokho kuye kwenza izinkampani ngokomlando zaqaphela kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izici ezithile endaweni evulekile, noma ngabe zingazihlinzeka ngama-driver e-Windows avaliwe.

Kulesi simo, umsebenzi wakamuva we-AMD uvelele njengomzamo ohlosiwe wokwenza ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezindawo zemvelo ezizimele nezivulekileNgokutshala isikhathi sobunjiniyela kusisombululo se-HDMI 2.1 + DSC se-AMDGPU, inkampani yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kuthumele lawa makhono ngaphandle kokuthembela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kuphela.

Umphumela uba ukuthi i-bandwidth yesikhathi eside kanye nemikhawulo yesici exhunywe ku-HDMI ku-Linux, eyake yahlotshaniswa kakhulu nezindawo ezingezona ezisemthethweni nezinelayisensi, manje sezixazululwa ngendlela yokuthi ivumelanisa izimiso zomthombo ovulekile nezindinganiso zokubonisa zesimanjeKubasebenzisi, umphumela obonakalayo umane nje ukuthi imishini yabo igcina isebenza ngendlela echazwe yizincazelo zabo.

Umshini Wokwenza I-Steam kanye ne-SteamOS: abawinile kakhulu kuma-patches amasha

Isikhathi salokhu kuthuthukiswa kwe-AMDGPU sivuse isithakazelo esikhethekile kulabo abalandela izinhlelo zehadiwe zeValve. Iphrojekthi ye-Steam Machine evuselelwe, kanye I-SteamOS njengohlelo lwayo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Linux, ibilokhu ihlangabezana nemikhawulo ye-HDMI eyayizwakala ingavumelani namakhono ehadiwe.

Ukuphindaphinda kokuqala koMshini Womusi kwafakwa ebhokisini ngempumelelo Uphahla lwe-4K 60 Hz nge-HDMI ngoba i-software stack ayikwazanga ukusizakala ngezici ze-HDMI 2.1, noma ngabe izingxenye ezingaphansi zazinamandla ngokomzimba. Abasebenzisi babevame ukusunduzelwa ku-DisplayPort uma befuna amazinga aphezulu okuvuselela, okwakungahambisani njalo nendlela ukusethwa kwegumbi lokuhlala okuxhunywa ngayo.

Njengoba i-DSC 2.1 enikwe amandla yi-AMD ifika ku-Linux, leso simo sizoshintsha. Uma i-SteamOS isiqalile ukusebenzisa i- i-kernel kanye ne-Mesa stack okuhlanganisa lawa ma-patches, ihadiwe ye-Steam Machine yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo ingakwazi vula ukusebenza okugcwele kwe-HDMI 2.1 ngokuvuselelwa kwesistimu okuvamile, esikhundleni sokudinga amabhokisi amasha noma izindlela ezingavamile zokuxazulula izinkinga.

Lokho kuzovumela idivayisi yesitayela sekhonsoli ukuthi ikhiphe I-4K ifinyelela ku-240 Hz nge-HDMI kuma-TV ahambisanayo, okusondeza ulwazi olutholakala kakade nge-DisplayPort kuma-monitor aphezulu. Kubasebenzisi abahlela ukuxhuma uhlelo ku-TV yesikrini esikhulu egumbini lokuphumula, umehluko phakathi kwe-60 Hz ne-120 Hz noma ngaphezulu awucacile, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni esheshayo.

Nakuba kungekho amanothi okukhishwa asemthethweni e-SteamOS athembise ingqophamlando ethile ye-HDMI 2.1, ukuhlangana komsebenzi we-AMD kanye nokulungiselela okuqhubekayo kwe-hardware ye-Valve kusikisela ukuthi I-HDMI akusadingeki ibe yisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka endabeni ye-Steam Machine. Esikhundleni salokho, ingaba isakhamuzi sekilasi eliphezulu kanye ne-DisplayPort ohlelweni lokudlala lwe-Linux.

Indima yonjiniyela be-AMD kanye ne-open driver ecosystem

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo ezigqanyiswe umphakathi ukubandakanyeka okuqondile konjiniyela be-AMD ekwenzeni lokhu kwenzeke. UHarry Wentland nethimba lakhe banikezwe udumo ngokubhekana nezinkinga ze-DSC ezisele. ku-driver ye-Linux, kuvala izikhala ebezilokhu zilindile imijikelezo eminingana yokuthuthukiswa.

Umsebenzi udlula ukupheqa ifulegi lokucushwa. Ukusekela i-HDMI 2.1 nge-DSC kudrayivu evulekile kudinga ukuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela nohlaka lokubonisa lwe-kernel, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kokuqeqeshwa kwezixhumanisi, ukuqinisekiswa kwamakhono okusinki, kanye nokuziphatha okuqinile kokubuyela emuva lapho ama-TV noma ama-receiver engasekeli izindlela ezithile noma amapharamitha okucindezela.

Ngokucindezela le khodi phezulu, i-AMD iqinisa isu eliye laba wusizo kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje: ukwenza umshayeli we-AMDGPU ovulekile abe yindlela eyinhloko yokusebenzisa i-Radeon hardware ku-Linux, kunokuba kuphathwe njengenketho yesigaba sesibili ngemuva kwezixazululo ezizimele. Leyo ndlela izuzisa kokubili ukusatshalaliswa kwama-desktop kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile ezifana nama-gaming consoles asekelwe ku-Linux.

Inzuzo yabasebenzisi bokugcina ukuthi izici ezintsha, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kuyafika izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile ze-kernel ne-Mesa, isakazwa yi-distro yabo ye-Linux abayithandayo, esikhundleni sokudinga ukufakwa komshayeli ngesandla. Usekelo lwe-HDMI 2.1 + DSC lufanelana nale phethini njengenye ikhono eliba yingxenye ye-stack yehluzo ejwayelekile uma ama-patches esehlanganisiwe.

Umthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwedeskithophu kwansuku zonke kanye nemisebenzi yobungcweti

Nakuba izihloko zezindaba zigxila ngokwemvelo emidlalweni yezemidlalo kanye ne-Steam Machine, izinguquko ekuphathweni kwe-HDMI nazo zibalulekile emisebenzini evamile. Ukusebenzisa izinqumo eziphezulu ngamanani aphezulu okuvuselela ngezilungiselelo zombala ezifanele nge-HDMI kuye kwaphoqa abasebenzisi be-Linux ukuthi basebenzise i-Linux. khetha phakathi kokushelela kanye nokwethembeka kokubona, ikakhulukazi kuma-TV amakhulu asetshenziswa njengezibonisi eziyinhloko.

Njengoba i-DSC itholakala, uhlelo alusadingi ukusebenzisa kaningi izinhlelo zokufaka amasampula e-chroma kungenza umbhalo omncane kanye nezinto ze-UI zibukeke zilula kancaneKubantu abasebenzisa imishini ye-Linux ukuthuthukisa, umsebenzi wehhovisi noma ukudala imidiya kusibonisi esixhunywe kwi-HDMI, lokho kuguqulela kumafonti ahlanzekile, izixhumi ezifundekayo kanye nokushintshana okuncane kuzilungiselelo zesibonisi.

Abadali bokuqukethwe abathembele emigqeni yombala engu-10 bit kanye nezikhala zemibala ebanzi nabo bathola indlela eqondile. Esikhundleni sokuxuba phakathi kokucushwa "okuhle kokuhlela" kanye "okuhle kwemidlalo", uxhumano olulodwa lwe-HDMI manje selungaletha ukuvuselelwa okuphezulu, ukulungiswa okuphezulu nombala ocebile amaphrofayili kuhadiwe ehambisanayo, okwenza ukusethwa kokusetshenziswa okuxubile kube lula.

Ngisho nangaphandle kwezimo zobungcweti, umphumela ojwayelekile ukuthi ama-desktop e-Linux azizwa engavinjelwe kakhulu yizimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-HDMI, kodwa ahambisana nalokho abasebenzisi kwamanye amapulatifomu abakubonile isikhathi esithile lapho bexhuma imishini yabo kuma-TV nama-monitor anamuhla.

Lapho i-DisplayPort isafaneleka khona esithombeni

Ukwanda kokusekelwa kwe-HDMI 2.1 ku-Linux akusho ukuthi i-DisplayPort isiphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuzumayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusethwa okuningi kuzoqhubeka nokuthembela kukho I-DisplayPort 1.4 noma entsha ngenxa yokuxhumana kwayo okuyinhloko okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-gaming monitors kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezibonisa okuningi lapho i-DP ibilokhu iyi-default isikhathi eside.

I-DisplayPort isivele inikeza I-4K ku-240 Hz ene-DSC kuhadiwe efanelekile ngaphansi kweLinux, futhi ihlala iyindlela eqinile uma isikrini sakhiwe ngokuzungeza ukusetshenziswa kwe-PC kunezimo zegumbi lokuhlala. Kubasebenzisi be-SteamOS abakhona kanye nabasebenzisi bedeskithophu abanama-monitor aveza i-HDMI kanye ne-DP, ukunamathela ku-DisplayPort kungase kube yindlela elula yokusebenza okuphezulu.

Lapho ama-patches amasha e-AMDGPU enyakazisa khona kakhulu inaliti kusezindaweni lapho i-HDMI ingeyona nje inketho, kodwa iwukuphela kwesinqumo esingokoqobo—njenge Amathelevishini e-4K noma e-8K angenazo izinto zokufaka ze-DisplayPortKulezo zimo, ukuletha ukwesekwa kwe-HDMI 2.1 + DSC ezingeni elifanayo ne-DisplayPort kusiza ukususa umuzwa wokuthi i-Linux ngandlela thile "iyisigaba sesibili" uma isetshenziswa ngale kwesibonisi sedeskithophu sendabuko.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-DisplayPort iyaqhubeka nokuba ithuluzi elinamandla kuhlu lwezithombe ze-Linux, kodwa i-HDMI ayisasilele emuva ngezindlela eziphoqa ukuyekethisa noma nini lapho abasebenzisi bephuma ngaphandle kwemingcele yokusethwa kwemonitha evamile.

Sekukonke, ama-patch e-AMD e-HDMI 2.1 DSC e-Linux amele ushintsho olubalulekile endleleni izinhlelo zemithombo evulekile ezisingatha ngayo izibonisi zesimanje. Ngokuhlanganisa ukwesekwa kwe-FRL ne-DSC kumshayeli we-AMDGPU, inkampani isusa izithiyo ezindala ebezibambezela. Izindlela ze-4K 240 Hz ngisho ne-8K 120 Hz nge-HDMI, futhi lolo shintsho lufika njengoba i-Valve's Steam Machine kanye ne-SteamOS ecosystem zibonakala zilungiselela isahluko esisha. Njengoba ukusatshalaliswa kwamukela ama-kernel athwala lezi zinguquko, abasebenzisi be-Linux bangalindela ngokunengqondo ukuthi imishini yabo esebenzisa i-Radeon isebenzise kangcono izikrini esezinazo kakade, ngaphandle kokucabanga kabusha nge-hardware stack yabo yonke.

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