- I-SQL iwukugxila okuyinhloko ezingxoxweni zomhlaziyi wedatha, kugxilwe kakhulu ekujoyineni, ukuhlanganiswa, imisebenzi yefasitela kanye nemibuzo efundekayo.
- I-Python ivame ukuhlolwa ngamakhono e-panda asebenzayo, izibalo eziyisisekelo kanye nokubona okulula kune-ML ethuthukisiwe.
- Ukuhlanganisa i-SQL ukuze kukhishwe kahle ne-Python ukuze kuhlaziywe ngendlela eguquguqukayo kudala umsebenzi wokuhlaziya onamandla, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.
- Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yangempela mayelana nokuxhumana, ukuphepha, ukusebenza kanye nokubika okuzenzakalelayo kuhlukanisa abantu abanamandla.
Ukungena engxoxweni yobuchwepheshe ye-SQL ne-Python njengomhlaziyi wedatha ofisayo kungazwakala kusabisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ufunda izindaba ezesabekayo mayelana nokuhlolwa kokubhala amakhodi okumangazayo noma abantu abahlulekayo ngoba banikwe i-laptop abangayazi. Uma usaqala umsebenzi wakho wokuhlaziya, kuyinto evamile ukukhathazeka ngokungakhumbuli yonke imiyalo yokubuyela emuva kwe-logistic noma i-syntax eqondile yomsebenzi wewindi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkampani eziningi azifuni ama-compiler angabantu, zifuna abantu abacabanga kahle ngedatha, bayakwazi ukubhala i-SQL ehlanzekile ngokwanele, bakhululekile nge-Python ne-Excel eyisisekelo, futhi bazi ukuthi bangaxhumana kanjani nemiphumela. Ngokulungiselela okugxile, ungaguqula lokho kukhathazeka kube ukuzethemba bese ungena engxoxweni yakho unombono ocacile wokuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungaphendula kanjani.
Kungani i-SQL ne-Python zibaluleke kangaka ezingxoxweni zomhlaziyi wedatha
Ngezindima zokuhlaziya ibhizinisi, i-SQL ivame ukuba yithuluzi eliyinhloko ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngesikhathi senhlolokhono yobuchwepheshe, ngoba ulimi olukuvumela ukuthi udonse, ujoyine, uhlunge, futhi uhlanganise idatha ngqo kusuka endaweni yokugcina idatha yenkampani. Izifundo eziningi ezisebenzayo ozithola engxoxweni zizoqala ngokuthi “nansi isizindalwazi, bhala imibuzo ukuze uphendule le mibuzo”.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Python ivame ukuphathwa njengento enamandla kakhulu kunokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezindimeni zabahlaziyi abancane, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kuyaqhubeka kukhula. Abaqashi bayayithanda i-Python ngoba ulimi olufanayo lungasetshenziswa ezenzakalelayo, ekuhlanzeni idatha, kumadeshibhodi, ekuhlolweni, kumaphrothokholi okufunda komshini, nokunye okuningi. Izinkampani eziningi zithi “i-Python iyinto enhle ukuba nayo” encazelweni yomsebenzi, bese uhlola buthule ukuthi ubani owaziyo ngempela ukusebenzisa ama-panda.
Le nhlanganisela ye-SQL yokukhipha kanye ne-Python yokuhlaziya akuyona nje into ethandwayo kwezobuchwepheshe, iyisinqumo esihlakaniphile, ngoba ndawonye bakha umsebenzi oqinile, okwaziyo ukulinganiswa: I-SQL iphatha amasethi edatha amakhulu obudlelwano kahle, kuyilapho i-Python ikunikeza ukuguquguquka kwezibalo, ukubona ngeso lengqondo, ukubika ngisho nokumodela okubikezelayo.
Uma ubonisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhamba kahle phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili, uvele uvelele ngokushesha, njengoba ufakazela ukuthi ungasuka ematafuleni angakalungiswa esitolo sokugcina impahla uye ekuqondeni okusebenzayo ezincwadini zamabhuku, ama-slide decks, noma imibiko ezenzakalelayo.
Indlela izingxoxo zokuhlaziya idatha yobuchwepheshe ezivame ukusebenza ngayo
Izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe zomhlaziyi wedatha zivame ukuhlanganisa imibuzo yomqondo nezivivinyo ezenziwa ngezandla, kunokuba kube nje umbuzo we-Q&A. Ngokuvamile ucelwa ukuthi uchaze imiqondo (izinhlobo ze-JOIN, ukuthi umsebenzi wefasitela uyini, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani namanani angekho) bese uxazulula izinkinga ezimfushane nge-SQL noma i-Python khona manjalo noma esabelweni sokuthatha uye naso ekhaya.
Abantu abaningi abazongenela ukhetho balindele imibuzo ephezulu kuphela futhi bayamangala uma kufanele babhale ikhodi yangempela, ngezinye izikhathi endaweni engajwayelekile. Isibonelo, abanye abantu bayasaba ngoba kumele babhale ikhodi ku-macOS esikhundleni se-Windows, noma ngabe i-SQL ne-Python syntax zifana. Okushintshwayo ngempela umhleli, izinqamuleli zekhibhodi noma imiyalo yesiphelo, hhayi ulimi ngokwalo.
Izinkampani zisebenzisa le misebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhono aku-CV yakho angokoqobo nokuthi ungacabanga ngenkinga exakile, hhayi nje ukuphinda izincazelo zezincwadi. Bayakhathalela indlela ohlela ngayo umbuzo wakho, indlela olungisa ngayo amaphutha lapho izinto zehluleka, ukuthi uhlola ikhwalithi yedatha, nokuthi ubuza imibuzo ecacisayo ngaphambi kokungena.
Kwezinye izinqubo, isinyathelo esinzima kakhulu ukuhlolwa okuthathwa ekhaya ukuxuba i-SQL ne-Excel (noma amaspredishithi), lapho kungadingeka usungule amathebula esampula ukuze uhlole imibuzo, ubhekane nezinkambu eziningi zedethi, usebenzise imisebenzi yefasitela, ukujoyina, izigaba ze-WHERE, ama-CTE bese ufometha konke ngokucacile kudokhumenti. Lolu hlobo lokuzivocavoca luvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ungajwayelene ngokugcwele nesizinda semboni.
Ushintsho olukhulu lwengqondo ukuphatha ingxoxo njengomsebenzi omncane wokubonisana kunokuba kube ukuhlolwa, lapho uzama ukuqonda umbuzo webhizinisi, uhlole idatha, bese uveza impendulo ecacile nenengqondo esikhundleni sokumane "uphumelele isivivinyo".
Imibuzo ye-SQL okungenzeka ukuthi ubhekane nayo (nokuthi ungayixazulula kanjani)
Kuzo zonke izinkampani kanye nemikhakha, imibuzo ye-SQL yezindima zomhlaziyi wedatha ilandela iphethini ebikezelwayo, ukusuka ekuhlungeni nasekuhlanganiseni okuyisisekelo kuya kuma-aggregates, imibuzo engaphansi, kanye nemisebenzi yefasitela. Uma uqinile kulezi zakhiwo zokwakha, ungakwazi ukusingatha iningi lemisebenzi yengxoxo.
Ekungeneni ezingeni eliphakathi, abaxoxi abavamile ukuzama ukukukhohlisa ngezici zolimi ezingacacile, kodwa bazolindela ukuthi uhlanganise imiqondo eminingi: isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa amathebula amabili, ukuhlunga ngezinsuku, ukuqoqa ngezigaba kanye nokwengeza umsebenzi wewindi ukuze ulinganise amakhasimende.
Imiqondo ye-SQL eyinhloko okumele ube nayo iqine kakhulu
Omunye wemibuzo ejwayelekile kakhulu umehluko phakathi kokuthi KUPHI kanye nokuthi UKUBA NINI, ngoba kwembula ukuthi uyaqonda ngempela ukuthi izihlungi zisetshenziswa nini emjikelezweni wokuphila kombuzo. LAPHO izihlungi zilandelana ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa; UKUHLUTHA amaqembu ngemva kokuhlanganisa.
Esinye isihloko esihlala siluhlaza yizinhlobo ze-JOIN nokuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe nini ngayinye, ngokuvamile kuhlelwe ngezimo zebhizinisi ezilula. Kufanele ukwazi ukuchaza ukujoyina kwangaphakathi, kwesobunxele, kwesokudla kanye nokugcwele kwangaphandle, bese ukhetha ngokufanele kuye ngokuthi yiliphi ithebula eliwumthombo wakho "oyinhloko" okumele ulondolozwe kumphumela.
Imibuzo engezansi nayo ijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho abaxoxisanayo befuna ukubona ukuthi ungayihlukanisa yini inkinga ibe yizinyathelo, njengokubala isilinganiso ngekhasimende ngalinye bese ukhetha kuphela lezo ezingaphezu komkhawulo othile. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ubhale umbuzo ongaphansi kwesigaba esithi SELECT, FROM noma WHERE/HAVING bese uchaza ukuthi kungani ukhethe leso sakhiwo.
Imisebenzi yefasitela iyintandokazi ezingxoxweni zanamuhla zabahlaziyi ngoba ivula amazinga kanye nokuqhathanisa emigqeni, ngaphandle kokugoqa isethi yedatha. Uzovame ukucelwa ukuthi ukhiqize ama-totals asebenzayo, amazinga aqinile, noma ama-aggregates ahlukanisiwe, futhi uchaze ukuthi ahluke kanjani ku-GROUP BY ecacile.
Izibonelo zezihloko ze-SQL kanye nendlela yokukhuluma ngazo
Cabanga ukuthi ucelwe ukuthi uchaze ukuthi uzosebenzisa nini i-HAVING esikhundleni se-WHERE, Ungase uthi into efana nale: “I-WHERE isetshenziswa ukuhlunga imigqa eluhlaza, kuyilapho i-HAVING isetshenziswa ngemuva kwe-GROUP BY ukuhlunga amaqembu asehlanganisiwe kakade. Isibonelo, uma ngifuna iminyango enabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-5, ngingaqoqa ngomnyango bese ngisebenzisa i-HAVING ku-COUNT(*) > 5, ngoba i-COUNT iyi-aggregate engatholakali ku-WHERE.”
Ngemibuzo ye-JOIN, abaxoxisanayo bavame ukucela kokubili izincazelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo, njengokuthi: ukujoyina kwangaphakathi uma ukhathalela kuphela ukufana, ukujoyina kwesobunxele uma ufuna ukugcina konke okufakiwe etafuleni eliyinhloko noma ngabe akukho rekhodi elihambisanayo etafuleni lokuhlola, njalo njalo. Ungaqinisa impendulo yakho ngokusho ukuthi ukujoyina kwesobunxele kuvame kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni uma unethebula "lamaqiniso" kanye nedatha "yobukhulu" ongayikhetha.
Uma kuvela imibuzo engaphansi kwesihloko, kuyasiza ukuyixhumanisa nemisebenzi yokuhlaziya yangempela, Njengokuthola wonke amakhasimende anezindleko ezingaphezulu kwesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele. Ungachaza ukudala umbuzo ongaphansi obala inani eliphelele lekhasimende ngalinye, bese ubala isilinganiso salelo sethi, bese ekugcineni uhlunga umbuzo wangaphandle.
Ngemisebenzi yefasitela, gxila ekhonweni labo lokubuka imigqa ehlobene ngaphandle kokuyigoqa, isibonelo ukulinganisa abameleli bokuthengisa ngenzuzo yanyanga zonke noma ukubala isamba esiqhubekayo ezinsukwini. Kuwusizo ukugcizelela ukuthi lokhu kuhluke kanjani ku-GROUP BY, ehlala inciphisa inani lemigqa kusethi yemiphumela.
Sebenzisa izimo ezithandwa ngabaxoxi: imisebenzi yefasitela, izinsuku kanye nama-CTE
Ezindabeni zangempela zokuthatha izinto ekhaya, imisebenzi yefasitela, ukuphathwa kosuku kanye ne-CTE zivame ukuvela ndawonye, ikakhulukazi uma ucelwa ukubala amamethrikhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ukuhlonza abadlali abaphambili ngesigaba ngasinye. Isibonelo, ungase uhlanganise ithebula lokuthengisa nethebula lamakhasimende, bese usebenzisa umsebenzi wewindi ohlukaniswe yikhasimende ukuze ubale inani lempilo noma usuku lokugcina lokuthenga.
Izinsuku zikhona yonke indawo ekuhlaziyeni, ngakho-ke abaqashi banaka ukuthi ukhululekile kangakanani ngabo, okuhlanganisa ukukhipha usuku, isonto, inyanga, ukuphatha izindawo zesikhathi (okungenani ngokomqondo), kanye nokuhlunga ngezigaba zesikhathi. Umuntu ozongenela ukhetho ongazinaki ngokuphelele izici zezinsuku angaphula imibiko ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Izinkulumo Zethebula Elivamile (ama-CTE) ngomunye umqondo ovame ukuvela, ngokuvamile ngemibuzo efana nokuthi “Ungayihlela kanjani imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu?”. Impendulo enamandla ukuthi usebenzisa ama-CTE ukuze uhlukanise i-logic ibe amabhlogo afundekayo, angasetshenziswa kabusha, okwenza ukulungiswa nokulungisa amaphutha kube lula kunokuba konke kufakwe emibuzweni engezansi ehlanganisiwe.
Uma uzijwayeza ingxoxo yakho, chitha isikhathi sangempela ubhala i-SQL ehlanganisa lezi zinto: ukujoyina, izihlungi, ukuqoqwa kwamaqembu, imisebenzi yefasitela, ama-CTE kanye ne-date logic, ngoba yilokho okubukeka njengombuzo webhizinisi ongokoqobo, hhayi okukodwa okuthi SELECT okunesimo esisodwa esithi WHERE.
Lokho izinkampani zezinga lePython ezikulindele ngempela kuzikrini zobuchwepheshe
Ngemisebenzi yokuhlaziya idatha kuphela (ngokungafani nososayensi wedatha noma ubunjiniyela be-backend), izinkampani zivame ukugxila ku-Python esebenzayo yedatha, hhayi ekwakheni ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi kusukela ekuqaleni. Bafuna ukubona ukuthi ungafunda i-CSV, uhlole idatha, uyihlanze, uyishintshe ngama-panda futhi mhlawumbe ukhiqize ukubonwa okuyisisekelo.
Akuvamile ukuthi ulindeleke ukuthi ubambe ngekhanda isiginesha yokungenisa eqondile yayo yonke imodeli yokufunda komshini noma ukukhumbula uhlelo oluphelele lokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-logistic kukwenza uzizwe ukhululekile. Iningi labaxoxisana liyaqonda ukuthi empilweni yangempela ungahlola amadokhumenti noma izingcezu, inqobo nje uma wazi ukuthi uzama ukwenzani ngokomqondo.
Izihloko ezijwayelekile ze-Python zesikrini somhlaziyi wedatha ukuphathwa kwe-null, ukuhlunga, imisebenzi yeqembu, ukuhlanganisa/ukujoyina kanye nokubala okulula, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe ngendlela encane yesitayela sencwadi yamanothi lapho uhamba khona ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokucabanga kwakho.
Ukubuka ngeso lengqondo kuvame ukubonakala njengesidingo sokukhanya: ukukwazi ukukhiqiza ishadi lebha eliyisisekelo noma ipulani yochungechunge lwesikhathi, hhayi ukuklama amadeshibhodi aphelele ngamaphikseli. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuhlola ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuveza okutholakele ngokubona uma kudingeka.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile yama-panda okufanele ukwazi kahle
Ukuphatha amanani angekho kuyikhono eliyinhloko le-pandas elivame ukuvela, kungaba njengombuzo oqondile (“Ungabhekana kanjani nama-nulls?”) noma ufakwe emsebenzini osebenzayo. Kufanele ukwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi ungahlola kanjani ukuntuleka, wehlise imigqa noma amakholomu uma kufaneleka, futhi uqambe amanani usebenzisa amasu alula njenge-mean noma i-median.
Ukuhlunga imigqa kungenye indlela okumele ikwaziwe ngoba ifana nokuthi WHERE ku-SQL, futhi kubalulekile cishe kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaziya. Abaxoxisana nabo bangakucela ukuthi ukhethe imigqa ngokusekelwe emkhawulweni, izimo eziningi noma ubulungu ohlwini lwamanani.
I-Groupby ku-pandas ilingana ne-GROUP BY ku-SQL futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhono lakho lokuhlanganisa, isibonelo ukubala inani lokuthengisa ngesigaba ngasinye, imali engenayo emaphakathi ngekhasimende ngalinye noma inani lemicimbi ngosuku. Kubalulekile hhayi nje ukwazi i-syntax, kodwa ukuchaza ukuthi kungani uhlela ngamakholomu athile.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-dataframes kufana ngqo nama-SQL JOIN futhi kubalulekile lapho usebenza namatafula amaningi, njengokujoyina isethi yedatha yokuthengiselana nethebula lamakhasimende. Kufanele ukhululeke ukukhetha okhiye bokujoyina, ucacise uhlobo lokujoyina, futhi uhlole okhiye abaphindwe kabili noma ukuphindaphinda kwemigqa okungalindelekile.
I-Python ngale kwe-pandas: ukuxhumana, izibalo kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo
Emaqenjini avuthiwe kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ungase ulindeleke futhi ukuthi wazi ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani i-Python kudathabheyisi ye-SQL, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa imibuzo ngqo kusuka kuzikripthi zakho bese ulayisha imiphumela kuma-panda. Yilapho imitapo yolwazi efana ne-psycopg2, i-PyMySQL, i-pyodbc, i-sqlite3, noma amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-SQLAlchemy eqala khona ukusebenza.
I-SQLAlchemy, ikakhulukazi, idumile ngoba inikeza indlela ehlangene yokukhuluma nezinjini ezahlukene ze-SQL, futhi ihlangana kahle kakhulu nama-panda: usungula injini ene-URL yokuxhumana, bese uyidlulisela ku-read_sql_query ukuze uthole ifreyimu yedatha ilungele ukuhlaziywa.
Uma idatha isiku-Python, izibalo eziyisisekelo zivame ukwanela ukuhlaba umxhwele ezingxoxweni zezinga labahlaziyi, njengezindlela, ama-median, ama-correlations, kanye nezilinganiso ezilula. Akudingeki ube yisazi sezibalo esiqinile, kodwa kufanele ukhululeke ukufingqa isethi yedatha bese uchaza ukuthi lezo zifinyezo zisho ukuthini.
Ukubuka ngeso lengqondo nge-matplotlib noma i-seaborn kuvame ukuphathelene nokukhiqiza iziza ezicacile nezifundekayo ezisekela indaba yakho, njenge-histogram ukuqonda ukusatshalaliswa noma amashadi omugqa ukuze kuboniswe izitayela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukucaca kubaluleke kakhulu kunesitayela esikhethekile ngezinjongo zengxoxo.
Kungani ukuhlanganisa i-SQL ne-Python kuyikhono elinamandla kangaka
Ngokombono webhizinisi, amandla angempela afika uma uhlanganisa imibuzo ye-SQL esebenza kahle nokuhlaziywa okuguquguqukayo kwe-Python, esikhundleni sokuziphatha njengezindawo ezihlukene. I-SQL ikuvumela ukuthi ucindezele ukuhlunga nokuhlanganisa okunzima kudathabheyisi, kuyilapho i-Python ikuvumela ukuthi uzame, ubonise futhi ubone ngeso lengqondo.
I-SQL ihlala iyindinganiso yokuphathwa kwedatha yobudlelwano ngezizathu ezinhle, kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwemibuzo okusheshayo kumathebula amakhulu, amathuluzi avuthiwe, kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezinkulu ezifana Okuyisisekelo kokwenziwe kwe-MySQL, I-PostgreSQL, i-SQL Server noma i-Oracle. Cishe kuzo zonke izinkampani eziqotho, umthombo wakho weqiniso uhlala enjinini ethile ye-SQL.
I-Python igcwalisa lokho ngokuba ngummese webutho laseSwitzerland wakho konke okwenzekayo ngemuva kokuba idatha iphume kudathabheyisi, njengokuhlanza amasimu angcolile, ukubumba kabusha amatafula, ukubona izinto ezingavamile, ukwakha amadeshibhodi, ukuqeqesha amamodeli e-ML noma ukukhiqiza imibiko ezenzakalelayo.
Uma ubonisa ukuthi ungaqala embuzweni webhizinisi, bhala i-SQL ukuze ukhiphe idatha efanele bese usebenzisa i-Python ukuze umbe ujule, Uzibeka njengomhlaziyi onekhono eliphezulu ongaba nengxenye yonke yomjikelezo wokuphila kwedatha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Yingakho izinhlelo eziningi zokuqeqesha kanye nama-bootcamps zigcizelela i-SQL kanye ne-Python kanye nesendlalelo sokubona, ngoba leso sigaba sihlanganisa iningi lomsebenzi owenziwa amaqembu edatha asebenzayo, agxile ebhizinisini namuhla.
Ukuxhumanisa i-Python kudathabheyisi ye-SQL ngokusebenza
Ukuze uhlanganise ngempela i-SQL ne-Python emsebenzini wakho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungasungula kanjani ukuxhumana okuphephile nokuthembekile phakathi kwezikripthi zakho kanye nesizindalwazi, ukuze ukwazi ukuqhuba imibuzo ngokuhlela esikhundleni sokuthumela ama-CSV ngesandla njalo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili ezibanzi: ukusebenzisa izixhumi ezisezingeni eliphansi eziqondene nedatha ngayinye, noma ukusebenzisa ungqimba lwe-abstraction njenge-SQLAlchemy, okukhuluma nalabo bashayeli ngawe. Ukuze uthole izivivinyo ezisheshayo, isixhumi esilula njenge-sqlite3 singanele; emisebenzini yokukhiqiza, amaqembu avame ukukhetha i-SQLAlchemy kanye nomshayeli wendabuko njenge-psycopg2 ye-PostgreSQL.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi ojwayelekile nomshayeli ofana ne-psycopg2 kuhilela ukufunda iziqinisekiso ezivela eziguquguqukayo zemvelo, ukudala into yokuxhumanisa, ukuvula ikhesa, ukwenza umbuzo onamapharamitha ukuze kugwenywe ukufakwa kwe-SQL, ukuphindaphinda imiphumela, bese uvuma noma uhlehlise njengoba kudingeka ngaphambi kokuvala uxhumano.
I-SQLAlchemy yenza kube lula okunye kwalokhu ngokukuvumela ukuthi wakhe i-URL yedathabheyisi, udale injini enechibi lokuxhumana, bese usebenzisa leyo njini ukuqhuba imibuzo ngezinto zombhalo noma ukuphakela ngqo kuma-panda. Lo mklamo wenza kube lula ukushintshanisa izizindalwazi noma ukuphatha izindawo eziningi (zasendaweni, isiteji, ukukhiqizwa).
Uma iphethini yakho yokuxhumeka isikhona, ungenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke imibhobho yedatha: sebenzisa umbuzo we-SQL, ulayishe imiphumela kufreyimu yedatha, yenza ukuhlanza nokuhlaziya, ukhiqize umbiko noma uthumele i-CSV, bese uhlela iskripthi ukuthi sisebenze nsuku zonke noma masonto onke.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle emisebenzini yokusebenza ye-SQL+Python
Noma nini lapho uxhuma i-Python kudathabheyisi yokukhiqiza, udinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela ngokuphepha, kusukela endleleni ogcina futhi ufinyelela ngayo iziqinisekiso. Amagama abasebenzisi namaphasiwedi aqinile kuma-scripts ayindlela ephikisana kakhulu; esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa iziguquguquko zemvelo noma umphathi wezimfihlo ozinikele.
Ukuphathwa koxhumano kuyisici esibalulekile: ukuvula nokuvala uxhumano olusha kuyo yonke imibuzo emincane kungalimaza ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa leyo mibuzo njalo. Ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana, okusekelwa yi-SQLAlchemy, kusiza ukusebenzisa kabusha ukuxhumana okusunguliwe kahle.
Ngasohlangothini lokusebenza, iphutha elivamile ukudonsa idatha eningi kakhulu ku-Python kunalokho okudingayo ngempela, uma sicabanga ukuthi konke kufanele kwenziwe ngama-panda. Eqinisweni, cishe kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusunduza ukuhlunga, ukuqoqa kanye nokuhlanganisa okulula phansi kudathabheyisi, bese udlulisela kuphela isethi ecutshunguliwe edingekayo ngempela.
Ukusingatha amaphutha akukuhle kodwa kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma izikripthi zakho zisebenza zinganakwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ubamba okuhlukile okuhlobene nesizindalwazi, ubhala imiyalezo enengqondo, bese ubuyisela emuva ukuthengiselana uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ukuze ungashiyi uhlelo lusesimweni esingaguquki.
Ukulandela le mikhuba akugcini nje ngokugcina indawo yakho iphephile futhi isabela, futhi kubonisa abaxoxisana ukuthi uyaqonda imingcele yangempela ngale kwezibonelo zamathoyizi abantu abazikhumbulayo ukuze bahlolwe amakhodi.
Ukusebenzisa i-SQL kusuka ku-Python nokuguqula imiphumela ibe ukuhlaziywa
Uma usunokuxhumana okuzinzile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukwenziwa kwe-SQL kusuka ku-Python kuzwakale kungokwemvelo, ukuze uyeke ukucabanga ngamathuluzi ahlukene bese uqala ukubona umsebenzi owodwa ohlanganisiwe.
Ngabashayeli abasezingeni eliphansi, usebenza ngama-cursor namasethi emiphumela, ukuphindaphinda umugqa ngomugqa noma ukulanda yonke imigqa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nge-SQLAlchemy noma imitapo yolwazi efanayo, ungenza imibuzo yombhalo futhi uthole izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu okulula ukuzilawula nokuzilungisa.
Kodwa-ke, emsebenzini wokuhlaziya, cishe uzofuna ukuguqula imiphumela yemibuzo ngqo ibe yi-pandas DataFrame, ngoba leso sakhiwo silungele ukuhlunga, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokugcina sifaka ezithombeni noma kumamodeli.
Iphethini enamandla ukuphatha i-SQL njengethuluzi lakho "lokukhipha kanye nokuhlanganisa okuqinile" kanye nama-panda njengendawo yakho "yokuguqulwa okuhle kanye nokuhlola", ukuvumela ngayinye ukuthi yenze lokho ekwazi ukukwenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu futhi kukuvikela ekuqhumeni inkumbulo ngokuzama ukulawula amatafula amakhulu angavuthiwe ngqo ku-Python.
Isibonelo, ungase ube nombuzo we-SQL okhiqiza imikhiqizo engu-20 ephezulu ngenzuzo, bese uwudonsela kuma-panda ukubala izilinganiso ezengeziwe, ukuhlola ukusatshalaliswa, noma ukuhlanganisa nemethadatha yomkhiqizo evela komunye umthombo ngaphambi kokuyethula.
Ukuhlanza, ukuguqula nokuhlola idatha ngama-panda
Ngemva kokulayisha idatha kusuka ku-SQL ku-dataframe, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuqonda ikhwalithi kanye nesakhiwo sayo, ukungagxili ngokushesha ekubumbeni okumangalisayo. Lokho kusho ukuhlola amanani angekho, imigqa ephindaphindwayo, izinto ezingaphandle ezisolisayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa izinhlobo ezifana nezinsuku nezinkambu zezinombolo.
Ama-Pandas ahlinzeka ngezindlela ezincane kakhulu zale misebenzi: ungahlola ukubalwa kwe-null, ukulahla okuphindwe kabili, futhi udale amakholomu amasha amelela izilinganiso ezithathwe njengemingcele, amazinga okukhula noma amafulegi okuhlukanisa. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuyisiqalo sokuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke.
Uma udinga ukuletha ulwazi olwengeziwe oluvela kwamanye amathebula noma amafayela, Imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise amasethi edatha njengoba nje ubungenza ngama-joins ku-SQL. Ukukwazi ukucabanga ngobunjalo bezinkinobho nokukhetha ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi nokwesobunxele ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze ugweme amaphutha amancane.
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yezibalo, evame ukubolekwa ku-numpy noma ehlanganiswe kuma-panda, ukukunikeza ukuqonda okusheshayo: izindlela kanye nama-median aveza ukuthambekela okuphakathi, ukuhambisana kubonisa indlela iziguquguquko ezihamba ngayo ndawonye, kanye nokuhlolwa okulula kwe-quantile kungadalula amanani adlulele adinga ukubhekisiswa eduze.
Abaxoxi abakunikeza isethi encane yedatha encwadini bese bethi “ngitshele ukuthi ubonani” bahlola ngempela le ndlela yokucabanga yokuhlola, hhayi ukuthi uyakhumbula yini isipelingi esiqondile somsebenzi. Xoxa ngalokho okuhlolile, ukuthi kungani ukuhlolile, nokuthi lokho okubonayo kungasho ukuthini ngokwebhizinisi.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyeni kuya ekuxhumaneni: ukubona ngeso lengqondo nokubika
Umsebenzi wokuhlaziya ubaluleke kakhulu njengekhono lakho lokuxhumana ngalokho okutholile, yingakho amakhono okubona nokubika ebaluleke ngisho nasezingxoxweni zobuchwepheshe. Imitapo yolwazi yePython ikwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza amashadi asekela incazelo yakho.
I-Matplotlib kanye ne-seaborn zimboza izidingo eziningi zezimo zengxoxo: ama-histogram okusabalalisa, amashadi ebha okuqhathaniswa kwezigaba, kanye nemidwebo yemigqa yochungechunge lwesikhathi. Akudingeki ukuthi ubambe ngekhanda yonke ipharamitha, kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayithola kanjani igrafu ebukeka kahle bese ulebula ama-axes nezihloko ngokucacile.
Ngasohlangothini lokubika, izimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa komhlaba wangempela zihilela ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwama-CSV noma amafayela e-Excel, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlelwe nsuku zonke, masonto onke noma nyanga zonke. Iphethini evamile ukusebenzisa umbuzo we-SQL, ukucubungula imiphumela ngama-panda, bese uthumela kufayela elinegama elinesitembu sosuku elabelwana ngalo nabathintekayo.
Ukubika okuzenzakalelayo kuqeda umsebenzi ophindaphindwayo wezandla futhi kunciphisa amaphutha abantu, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi wonke umuntu ubona incazelo ehambisanayo yezilinganiso isikhathi ngasinye. Ezingxoxweni, ukukwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ungawusungula kanjani umzila onjalo kuyinzuzo enkulu.
Uma ufaka iziboniso engxubeni, ungacabanga futhi ngezikripthi ezikhiqiza izigcawu bese uzifaka kuma-slide decks noma kuma-dashboard, yize amaqembu amaningi namuhla esebenzisa amathuluzi e-BI azinikele esendlalelo sokugcina sokwethula. Ikhono lokudlulisa idatha ehlanzekile, ehlelekile kahle lenza kube lula kakhulu leso sinyathelo sokugcina.
Amacala angokoqobo lapho i-SQL ne-Python zikhanya khona ndawonye
Izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe ziya ngokuya ziveza izinkinga zangempela zebhizinisi, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukulungela izibonelo eziqondile lapho ukuhlanganisa i-SQL ne-Python kukunikeza ithuba eliwusizo. Lezi zimo azibonisi nje kuphela amakhono akho obuchwepheshe kodwa futhi nokuqonda kwakho ukubaluleka kwebhizinisi.
Icala elilodwa elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukubika okuzenzakalelayo: esikhundleni sokudonsa izinombolo ngesandla kusuka kudathabheyisi, uhlela iskripthi se-Python esibuza isizindalwazi nge-SQL, sihlanganise idatha, siyifomethe, futhi silondoloze noma sithumele umbiko wokugcina. Lokhu kuwukukhushulwa okukhulu kokukhiqiza uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi yokusebenza yespredishithi kuphela.
Ukuphatha idatha eningi kungenye indaba ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezinezigidi zokuthengiselana. Lapha, i-SQL inesibopho sokuphakamisa okunzima (ukuhlunga, ukuqoqa, ukufingqa), kuyilapho i-Python isingatha ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kusethi yedatha encishisiwe, njengokubala ama-KPI athuthukile noma ukuhlukanisa amakhasimende.
Uma inkampani ifuna ukushintshela ekuqageleni okubikezelayo, i-SQL+Python combo iphinde ibe phambili naphakathi, nge-SQL elungiselela amathebula ezici kanye ne-Python kusetshenziswa imitapo yolwazi efana ne-scikit - funda ukuqeqesha amamodeli okuhlela noma okubuyela emuva. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubikezela kwe-churn, ukutholwa kokukhwabanisa noma izinhlelo zokuncoma.
Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, iphethini iyahambisana: I-SQL ilungiselela idatha kahle lapho ihlala khona, i-Python iyayiguqula futhi iyichaze, kanti umhlaziyi uhlala enkabeni, enza izinqumo zokuklama futhi exhumanisa imiphumela yobuchwepheshe nemigomo yebhizinisi.
Uma ungena engxoxweni yakho ye-SQL ne-Python unolwazi olucacile lwale mibono, ukulindela okungokoqobo mayelana nezinga lekhodi uzocelwa ukuba ubhale, kanye nokuzijwayeza okuningi kokuthunga imibuzo ye-SQL kanye nokusebenza kwe-pandas, Uzoba sesimweni esiqine kakhulu sokukhombisa ukuthi awugcini nje ngokukhumbula i-syntax, kodwa empeleni ucabanga njengochwepheshe wedatha ongangeza inani kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
