- Ama-stack ku-Python alandela imodeli ye-Last-In, First-Out, enemisebenzi eyinhloko efana nokusunduza, ukuvela, ukubheka, usayizi kanye nokuhlola okungenalutho.
- Ama-Python stacks angasetshenziswa ngezinhlu, i-collections.deque, i-queue.LifoQueue noma uhlu oluxhunywe ngokwezifiso olulodwa, ngalunye lunezinzuzo ezahlukene.
- Uhlu kanye nama-deques afaneleka kakhulu kwikhodi enochungechunge olulodwa, kuyilapho umugqa. I-LifoQueue iyindlela ephephile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinochungechunge oluningi.
- Ukukhetha ukusetshenziswa kwesitaki esifanele kuncike ezidingweni zokusebenza, ukuziphatha kwememori nokuthi ingabe ukuphepha kwentambo kuyadingeka.
Ama-Stacks ku-Python angomunye waleyo miqondo eyinhloko eqhubeka ivela yonke indawo uma uqala ukubheka ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zangempela – kusukela kuma-function calls, ukuhlehlisa izici kubahleli, kuya endleleni iziphequluli ezisingatha ngayo umlando wakho wokuzulazula. Ngisho noma ubhala kakhulu ikhodi yesicelo yezinga eliphezulu, ukuqonda ukuthi ama-stack asebenza kanjani (nokuthi uwasebenzise kanjani kahle ku-Python) kukunikeza ithuba elikhulu lapho udinga ukulungisa izinkinga ezinzima noma ukuklama ama-algorithms asebenzayo.
Kulesi siqondisi sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-stack, ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi “Last In, First Out” empeleni, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo okufanele zisekelwe yi-stack ngayinye, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-stack ku-Python usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene afana nohlu, i-collections.deque, i-queue.LifoQueue kanye nohlu oluxhunywe ngokwahlukana.Sizokhuluma nangokusebenza, ukuziphatha kwenkumbulo, ukuphepha kwentambo kanye nezimo zangempela lapho i-stack iyisakhiwo sedatha esifanele okufanele sifinyelelwe.
Kuyini isitaki kuPython?
I-stack iyisakhiwo sedatha esiqondile esilandela umthetho we-Last-In, First-Out (LIFO): into yokugcina oyicindezelayo ku-stack yileyo yokuqala ephumayo.Ngomqondo, ungacabanga ngenqwaba yamapuleti, inqwaba yezincwadi, noma inqwaba yezingubo: ungangeza noma ususe izinto phezulu kuphela, hhayi phakathi noma phansi.
Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-LIFO kusho ukuthi uma ufaka (ucindezela) izakhi, isakhi ngasinye esisha sihlala phezu kwezangaphambilini, futhi uma ususa (uvula), uhlala uthatha isakhi esisanda kufakwa.Awulokothi “weqe phambili” ukuze ufinyelele into yesithathu noma yesine ngaphandle kokususa lezo ezingaphezu kwayo.
Ku-Python, i-stack akuyona uhlobo oluqanjwe ngaphakathi ngokwalo; esikhundleni salokho, sisebenzisa ama-stack phezu kwezakhiwo zedatha ezikhona njengezinhlu, ama-deques, imigqa ye-LIFO noma uhlu oluxhunyiwe ngokwezifisoInketho ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo maqondana nokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwememori kanye nokuphepha kwentambo.
Imisebenzi emibili eyisisekelo kunoma yisiphi isitaki i-push kanye ne-pop, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kuvame ukudalula abasizi abambalwa njengo-peek (noma phezulu), usayizi kanye nokuhlolwa okungenalutho. Le misebenzi eyengeziwe yenza ukusebenzisa izitaki kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela kube lula kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokungena kukhodi, khumbula isici esibalulekile: isitaki esisetshenziswe kahle sizokwenza imisebenzi ye-push kanye ne-pop ngesikhathi esifanayo, esiphawulwe njengo-O(1), kungakhathalekile ukuthi zingaki izinto ezigciniweLokho kusebenza okubikezelwayo kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ukuthi ama-stack asetshenziswe kabanzi kuma-algorithms kanye nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Ukusebenza kwe-core stack kanye nokuziphatha
Yonke inqwaba esebenzisekayo ePython, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, ijikeleza imisebenzi embalwa evamile echaza ukuziphatha kwayoUkuqonda lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhumbula amagama ezindlela ezithile kulabhulali ngayinye.
Umsebenzi wakudala wokufaka into ubizwa ngokuthi i-push: uthatha inani bese ulibeka phezu kwesitaki esikhonaNgemva kokusunduza, into entsha iba yileyo ezobuyiselwa kuqala nge-pop operation elandelayo.
Ukuze sisuse izinto sisebenzisa i-pop, esusa into ephezulu kakhulu esitaki bese iyibuyisela.Uma isitaki singenalutho, ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kufanele kuphakamise iphutha noma kubuyisele inani elithile elibonisa ngokusobala ukungabikho kwezinto.
Ukuqaliswa okuningi kwe-stack kuveza nokusebenza kwe-peek noma i-top, okukuvumela ukuthi ubheke into ekhona njengamanje phezulu ngaphandle kokuyisusa ku-stack.Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kuma-algorithms adinga ukuhlola inani elilandelayo kodwa asafuna ukuligcina lapho ukuze lisetshenziswe kamuva.
Imisebenzi emibili eyengeziwe yosizo ozoyithola njalo i-isempty (noma i-isEmpty) kanye nosayizi, okuhlola ukuthi isitaki sinazo yini izakhi nokuthi zingaki izakhi eziqukethe.Ku-Python, kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-len() okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-boolean kungasetshenziswa kabusha ngaphakathi ukuze kusetshenziswe laba basizi ngekhodi encane.
Ngokuphathelene nobunzima besikhathi, i-stack eklanywe kahle iqinisekisa ukuthi i-Push, i-pop, i-peek kanye ne-isEmpty konke kusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo i-O(1), futhi usayizi ungaba yi-O(1) noma i-O(n) kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kugcina ubude njengensimu ehlukile.Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-stack awasekeli ukufinyelela okungahleliwe okuphumelelayo ezikhundleni ezingahleliwe njengoba kwenza ama-array.
Nini futhi kungani kufanele usebenzise i-stack
Izitaki ziyakhanya noma nini lapho ubhekene nezinqubo ozodinga ukuzibuyisela emuva noma ukuzinqamula ngokulandelana okuqondile lapho izinyathelo zithathwe khonaNoma yisiphi isimo lapho ucabanga ngokwemvelo ukuthi “Ngizodinga ukuhlehlisa lokhu kusukela ekugcineni kuya kokuqala” kuyisinqumo esinamandla se-stack.
Isifaniso esivamile somhlaba wangempela ukuhlakaza umshini: ususa izikulufo nezingxenye ngokulandelana okuthile, futhi uma ufuna ukuzihlanganisa kabusha ngendlela efanele, kufanele uzibuyisele ngokulandelana okuphambene nalokho.Ukugcina lezi zingxenye esitakini kufanelana kahle nalowo msebenzi.
Kusofthiwe, enye yezindlela eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa ama-stack yi-function call stack: njalo lapho umsebenzi ubiza omunye umsebenzi, amapharamitha, iziguquguquko zendawo kanye namakheli okubuyisa acindezelwa ku-stack kwimemori.Uma umsebenzi ubuya, uhlaka lwawo luyavela, kubuyiselwa isimo somuntu oshaya ucingo.
Hlehlisa futhi wenze kabusha izindlela kubahleli bombhalo, amathuluzi okudweba, ama-IDE kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngokuvamile zincike ezinqwabeni zezenzo noma izimoIsenzo ngasinye somsebenzisi sicindezelwa sibe yi-undo stack; uma ucindezela u-Ctrl+Z uhlelo lokusebenza lufaka isenzo sakamuva bese lusibuyisela emuva.
Ama-Stack asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-algorithms afana nokusesha okujulile (i-DFS) kumagrafu, ukuhlolwa kokubonakaliswa (ukuhlaziya abakaki, ama-operators nama-operands), ukulandelela emuva, kanye nokusebenzisa umlando wesiphequluli lapho ikhasi ngalinye elivakashelwe licindezelwa khona bese kuthi u-“Back” avele kwelokugcina.Lezi zimo zizuza ezindikimbeni zemvelo ze-LIFO eziphoqelelwayo futhi zihlobene nomongo i-logic yokuhlela.
Ukusebenzisa isitaki ngohlu lwePython
Indlela elula yokwakha isitaki ku-Python ukusebenzisa uhlobo lohlu olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, usebenzisa indlela ye-append() ukuze ucindezele futhi u-pop() ukususa into yokugcina. Uhlu luyi-array eguquguqukayo ngaphansi kwe-hood futhi lunikeza yonke imisebenzi eyisisekelo edingwa yi-stack.
Isitaki esincane esisekelwe ohlwini singanikeza imisebenzi yokusiza efana ne-create_stack, Push, pop, isempty kanye ne-show (noma phezulu, usayizi, njll.), konke okulawula ngaphakathi i-instance ye-Python list ecacileIsibonelo, i-create_stack ingabuyisa uhlu olungenalutho, futhi i-isempty ingachazwa njenge-len(stack) == 0.
Iphethini eyodwa evamile ukuphatha ukuphela kohlu njengento ephezulu yesitaki, ngakho-ke i-stack.append(item) yenza i-push bese i-stack.pop() yenza i-popLokhu kugcina imisebenzi yomibili isesimweni esijwayelekile, futhi ikhodi ihlala ifundeka kalula futhi imfushane.
Uma ukhetha ikhodi ehlelekile kakhulu, ungasonga lokhu kuziphatha ekilasini le-Stack elenziwe ngokwezifiso elihlanganisa uhlu futhi liveze izindlela ezicacile ezifana ne-push(), pop(), peek(), is_empty() kanye ne-size(). Ukufakwa kwe-encapsulation kwenza kube lula ukwelula inqwaba ngokuhlola okwengeziwe noma ukubhalisa kamuva.
Uhlu lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhumbuleni ngoba into ngayinye igcina inani layo ngqo ngaphandle kwe-overhead yesikhombisi ku-node elandelayo, njengoba ubungabona ohlwini oluxhunyiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathuthukisi abaningi be-Python sebevele bekhululekile kakhulu nge-semantics yohlu, okwenza le ndlela ibe lula ukuyifundisa nokuyinakekela.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-caveat ebalulekile: uhlu lusekelwa yinkumbulo ehambisanayo, ngakho-ke lapho lukhula ngale kwesikhala esigciniwe, iPython kufanele yabele ibhulokhi entsha, enkulu bese ikopisha izinto ngaphezuluEsikhathini esiningi lokhu kufakwa kabusha kuyancishiswa futhi akubonakali, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-append() eyodwa ingase ihambe kancane kakhulu kunezinye.
Okunye okubi ukuthi uhlu lwe-Python aluphephile ngentambo yokuguqulwa ngasikhathi sinye kusuka ezintanjeni eziningi, okungaba yinkinga uma ufuna ukusebenzisa isitaki ezinhlelweni ezinezintambo eziningiKulezo zimo, kufanele ucabangele ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-queue.LifoQueue esikhundleni se-plain lists.
Kusetshenziswa i-collections.deque njengesitaki
Imodyuli yeqoqo le-Python inikeza i-deque (umugqa ophele kabili), okuvame ukulingana kangcono kunezinhlu lapho udinga imisebenzi ye-push ne-pop ejwayelekile. I-deque ilungiselelwe ama-appends asheshayo nama-pop avela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Uma usebenzisa i-deque njenge-stack, uvame ukusunduza izinto usebenzisa indlela ye-append() bese uzisusa nge-pop(), uphatha isiphetho esifanele njengephezulu le-stack.Ngaphakathi, i-deque isetshenziswa njengohlu oluxhumene kabili lwamabhulokhi, kugwenywa ukudluliselwa kabusha okukhulu okudingwa uhlu ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukudala i-stack usebenzisa i-deque kulula: shayela i-deque() ukuze uthole isitsha esingenalutho, bese uchaza imisebenzi efana ne-push(stack, item) ebiza i-stack.append(item) kanye ne-pop(stack) ehlola ukuthi i-stack ayi-empty yini bese ibiza i-stack.pop().. Abasizi abengeziwe abanjengo-show(stack) bangaphrinta okuqukethwe kwamanje.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-deque ilungiselelwe ngqo ukufakwa nokususwa okuphumelelayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, imisebenzi ye-push kanye ne-pop igcina ukusebenza kwe-O(1) okuqhubekayo ngisho noma isakhiwo sikhulaLokhu kungenza ama-deques akhetheke kakhulu kunezinhlu zezitaki ezinkulu noma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kukhodi enentambo eyodwa, i-deque ivame ukuba ngenye yezinketho ezizenzakalelayo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa ama-stack ku-Python, njengoba ihlanganisa ukusebenza okuhle, i-API ehlanzekile futhi akukho okumangazayo mayelana nemikhawulo yamandla.Iphinde iphathe ngendlela ebikezelwayo ngokwesikhathi lapho isitaki sikhula kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa ama-stack nge-queue.LifoQueue
Lapho ukuphepha kwentambo kuba yinto ebalulekile, ikilasi le-LifoQueue le-module yomugqa liyindlela yokusebenzisa i-stack ku-PythonI-LifoQueue empeleni iyisitaki esiphephile ngentambo esinezindlela zokukhiya ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukuze udale isitaki esisha esisekelwe ku-LifoQueue, ufaka i-LifoQueue ngepharamitha yosayizi omkhulu ongayikhetha, emelela inani eliphezulu lezinto isitaki esingazibamba.Ngaphakathi, umugqa uzobhekana nokulinda, ukuvimba kanye nokuthumela izimpawu phakathi kwezintambo uma isitaki sigcwele noma singenalutho.
Ukusunduza into ethile esitokisini se-LifoQueue kwenziwa nge-put(item), engavimba uma isitaki sesivele sisezingeni eliphezulu.Izinto eziphumayo zisebenzisa i-get(), ezingavimba futhi uma isitaki singenalutho kuze kube yilapho into entsha itholakala.
Izindlela ezengeziwe zosizo ezifana ne-qsize(), full() kanye ne-empty() zikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo samanje sesitaki ngendlela ephephile ngentamboIsibonelo, i-full() ikutshela ukuthi azikho yini ezinye izakhi ezingangezwa, kanti i-empty() ikhombisa ukuthi kukhona yini okufanele ivele.
Ukushintshana okuyinhloko lapho usebenzisa i-LifoQueue ukusebenza kahle: konke ukuvumelanisa okudingekayo ukuze kuvikeleke emicu kungenisa i-overhead, okwenza imisebenzi ihambe kancane kunaleyo esezinhlwini noma kuma-dequesEzimweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu eziboshwe yi-CPU, lelo phepha lingase libe nendaba, kodwa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezinemicu eminingi ukuphepha nokunemba kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukucushwa kwePython akusho ukuthi imicu izosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuma-cores ahlukene e-CPU ngenxa ye-Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), kodwa i-LifoQueue isavikela isitaki sakho esabiwe ezimweni zomjaho kanye nesimo esingaguquki.Ukuze uthole ukufana kwangempela phakathi kwama-cores, uzodinga ukucubungula okuningi noma ezinye izindlela, kodwa umqondo wezitaki eziphephile ngentambo usasebenza emisebenzini eboshwe yi-I/O noma ebambisene.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-stack kusetshenziswa uhlu oluxhunywe olulodwa
Indlela "yakudala" yesayensi yekhompyutha yokwakha isitaki ku-Python ukusebenzisa uhlu oluxhunywe ngokwahlukana, lapho inodi ngayinye igcina khona inani kanye nesikhombisi (inkomba) ku-node elandelayoLe ndlela ikunikeza inqwaba enobukhulu obuguquguqukayo enganciki kwimemori ehambisanayo.
Ngokuvamile uchaza ikilasi le-Node ngezimfanelo zenani kanye nereferensi elandelayo, bese usebenzisa ikilasi le-Stack elilandelela i-head node kanye ne-size counterNgokuvamile, i-node yekhanda eliyi-dummy isetshenziswa ukwenza lula amacala onqenqema lapho inqwaba ingenalutho.
Kulo mklamo, ingxenye ephezulu yesitaki imelelwa yi-node ngokushesha ngemva kwekhandaUkuze ucindezele inani, udala i-node entsha, usethe ireferensi yayo elandelayo ku-head.next yamanje bese ubuyekeza i-head.next ukuze ikhombe ku-node entsha, ukhulisa usayizi njengoba uhamba.
Ukufaka isici kuhilela ukuhlola ukuthi isitaki asinalutho yini, bese uthatha i-node ethi head.next ikhomba kuyo, ukuhambisa i-head.next ku-node elandelayo, ukunciphisa usayizi bese kubuyisela inani elisusiwe.Lo msebenzi uyinkimbinkimbi yesikhathi engaguquki ngoba kudingeka izibuyekezo ezimbalwa zesikhombisi kuphela.
Izindlela ezengeziwe ezifana ne-getSize(), i-isEmpty() kanye ne-peek() kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngalesi sakhiwo: usayizi ulandelwa njengenombolo ephelele, i-isEmpty ingahlola ukuthi usayizi ungu-zero yini, bese i-peek ibuyisa i-head.next.value uma isitaki singenaluthoUngachaza futhi indlela ethi __str__ yokukhiqiza umucu ofundekayo onazo zonke izinto zesitaki.
Izinzuzo zesitaki esisekelwe ohlwini oluxhunyiwe zifaka phakathi ukukhula okuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kabusha kanye nokusebenza okubikezelwayo kwe-O(1) kwe-push kanye ne-pop ngisho nalapho isakhiwo siba sikhuluImemori inikezwa i-node nge-node, okungaba wusizo ezinhlelweni ezinememori ehlukanisiwe.
Ukwehla yi-overhead eyengeziwe yememori yezikhombisi (inodi ngayinye igcina okungenani ireferensi eyodwa) kanye nekhodi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi uma iqhathaniswa nohlu noma ama-deques. Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-Python zansuku zonke, lezo zindleko azifanele izinzuzo, kodwa le ndlela isabalulekile ukuyiqonda futhi ingaba ifanele izimo ezithile ezisezingeni eliphansi noma zemfundo.
Izakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nemikhawulo yezitaki
Ngomqondo, inqwaba iziphatha njengenqwaba yezinto lapho kufinyeleleka khona ingxenye ephezulu kuphela: uhlala uxhumana nento esanda kufakwa kuqalaLo mkhawulo unikeza izitaki amandla azo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwazo.
Uma kusetshenziswa kahle, ukufunda into ephezulu, ukufaka entsha, nokususa ephezulu konke kuyimisebenzi yesikhathi esiqhubekayo ye-O(1)Lokho kusebenza okuqhubekayo kuwusizo kakhulu uma uklama ama-algorithms angadinga ukusunduzwa nokuvela izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane noma ezigidi.
Umkhawulo owodwa obalulekile ukuthi awukwazi ukufinyelela izinto ezingahleliwe kahle phakathi kwesitaki ngaphandle kokufaka konke okungaphezu kwazo.Uma uhlala uzithola udinga ukufinyelela okungahleliwe, isakhiwo sedatha esihlukile (njengohlu olusetshenziswa ngendlela efana ne-array) singase sifaneleke kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwememori kanye namaphethini okwabiwa kuncike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okukhethiwe: ama-array (uhlu) asebenzisa imemori ehambisanayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi abekwe kabusha, ama-deques aphatha amabhlogo ememori ukuze agweme amakhophi amakhulu, futhi uhlu oluxhunyiwe lusakaza ama-node ezindaweni zememori ezitholakalayo.Indlela ngayinye ishintsha indlela esebenza ngayo, indawo kanye nendlela esebenza ngayo amandla ngendlela ehlukile.
Ngokombono womklamo, izitaki zilula ngamabomu: okungaphezulu kuphela okubonakalayo, futhi akukho mqondo wokufaka noma ukufaka phakathi.Lokhu kulula kunciphisa amathuba okusetshenziswa kabi ngengozi futhi kukhuthaza ikhodi ekhombisa ngokusobala ukusebenza kwe-LIFO.
Izitaki zePython kanye nokucatshangelwa kokucubungula
Uma uhlelo lwakho lwe-Python lunentambo eyodwa, ungakhetha ngokuphephile phakathi kohlu kanye nama-deques ukuze usebenzise ama-stack ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni nasekusebenziseni kalulaKokubili kunikeza amakhono okucindezela kanye nokweqa futhi kulula ukuwahlanganisa nekhodi evamile.
Uma usuwethule imicu eminingi eyabelana ngesitaki, izinto ziba buthakathaka kakhulu: imisebenzi ebonakala sengathi i-athomu ezingeni le-Python ingase ihlangane ngezindlela ezingalindelekile, yonakalise isimo sangaphakathiUhlu olulula kanye nama-deques awaklanyelwe ukuba aphephe ngokuphelele emicu uma esetshenziswa njengezitaki eziguquguqukayo ezabiwe.
Ama-Deques aphephile uma uziqeqesha kakhulu futhi uzikhawulela ekusebenziseni i-append() kanye ne-pop() kuphela kusukela ekugcineni okukodwa ngendlela elawulwa ngokucophelela.Noma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, izinkinga ezicashile kanye nezimo zobuhlanga zingavela uma imicu eminingi ifunda futhi ibhala ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa kwangaphandle.
Ezimweni eziqinile ezinemicu eminingi lapho imicu eminingana ingasunduza futhi ivele ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-queue.LifoQueue iyindlela enconywayo yokusebenzisa i-stack. Ukukhiya kwayo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nencazelo yokuvimba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufinyelela ngasikhathi sinye akonakalisi isitaki.
Okuxakayo, vele, ukuthi imisebenzi ye-LifoQueue (put and get) ihamba kancane kunezindlela ze-raw list noma ze-deque ngenxa yokuxhumana okwengeziwe phakathi kwezintamboUkuthi leyo nkokhelo ibalulekile yini kuncike ezidingweni zokusebenza kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza nokuthi i-stack ifinyelelwa kangaki.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi imodeli ye-Python yokufaka imicu isasebenza ngaphansi kwe-Global Interpreter Lock, ngakho-ke noma ngabe une-stack ephephile ngentambo ngeke uthole ngokuzenzakalelayo i-CPU parallelism ephelele yemisebenzi eboshwe yi-CPU.Noma kunjalo, ezinhlelweni noma ezidizayini eziboshwe yi-I/O ezithembele ku-concurrency kune-parallelism eluhlaza, i-stack ephephile ngentambo iyisakhiwo esibalulekile.
Ukukhetha ukuqaliswa kwesitaki sePython esifanele
Njengoba kunikezwe zonke lezi zinketho, ukuqaliswa kwesitaki "esingcono kakhulu" ku-Python kuncike kakhulu kumongo wakho: i-single-threaded vs multi-threaded, ukuzwela kokusebenza, ukuziphatha kwenkumbulo kanye nokucaca kwekhodi konke kudlala indimaAkukho ukukhetha okukodwa okufanele zonke izimo.
Ezindikimbeni ezilula, ezingenamicu noma ezindaweni zokufunda, ukusebenzisa uhlu njengesitaki kuvame ukwanele: i-append() kanye ne-pop() zinembile, ziyashesha emisebenzini eminingi, futhi azidingi ikhodi ye-boilerplate cishe.Ngezinjongo zemfundo, uhlu lwenza kube lula ukuphrinta nokuhlola okuqukethwe.
Uma isitaki sakho sizosetshenziswa kakhulu, okungenzeka sigcine izinto eziningi, futhi ufuna i-Push/pop esheshayo njalo enezimanga ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokuhlelwa kabusha kwememori, i-collections.deque ivame ukuba yisinqumo esiwusizo kakhulu. I-API yayo ifana kakhulu nohlu, ngakho-ke ukufuduka ngokuvamile akubangeli ubuhlungu.
Uma wazi kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi isitaki sizofinyelelwa ngemicu eminingi, ikakhulukazi uma kokubili ukusunduza kanye nokugxuma kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-queue.LifoQueue iyindlela ephephile kakhuluKungase kube kancane, kodwa kukusindisa ekusebenziseni inqubo yakho yokukhiya futhi kusiza ukugwema izimo zomjaho ezinzima.
Indlela yohlu oluxhunywe ngokwahlukana ilungele uma ufuna ukuhlola noma ukufundisa izinto zangaphakathi zesakhiwo sedatha, noma lapho imikhawulo ethile yenza ama-array noma ama-deque ahambisanayo angakhangi kangako.Iphinde ikunike ukulawula okugcwele ukwakheka kwe-node kanye nokuziphatha, ngezindleko zekhodi eyengeziwe kanye nokuphathwa kwengqondo okwengeziwe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukusebenzisa ini, umqondo oyisisekelo uhlala ufana: uhlela isakhiwo se-Last-In, First-Out esigcina izinto phezu komunye nomunye futhi sikunikeze ukufinyelela okusheshayo nokubikezelwayo entweni esanda kufakwa.Uma usukhululekile ngale modeli, kuba lula kakhulu ukucabanga ngama-algorithms kanye nokuziphatha kwesistimu lapho ama-stack efanelana khona ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuqonda ukuthi ama-stack asebenza kanjani, imisebenzi ayisekelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuvamile kwe-Python kanye nokusebenza kwawo kanye nokushintshana kwezingxoxo, ungakhetha futhi usebenzise ngokuzethemba inguqulo efanelana kahle nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho ngenkathi ubhala ikhodi ehlala isebenza kahle futhi kulula ukuyicabanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi..
