- I-Google isezingxoxweni ne-SpaceX kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bokuqalisa ukuze kubekwe ingqalasizinda yedatha ye-AI yokuhlola endaweni ephansi yokujikeleza komhlaba.
- I-Project Suncatcher ihlose ukufaka amasathelayithi e-prototype ngo-2027, isebenzisa amandla elanga kanye nama-chip e-Google TPU ukwakha ifu lokubala elizungeza i-orbital.
- I-SpaceX iphendukela ezikhungweni zedatha ze-orbital njengendaba eyinhloko ye-IPO yayo ehleliwe, iphakamisa amasathelayithi afinyelela esigidini.
- Ochwepheshe baqokomisa izithiyo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, kusukela ezindleleni zokwethula kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwesathelayithi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
I-Google ibambe buthule izingxoxo ezithuthukisiwe ne-SpaceX zokuthumela ihadiwe yesikhungo sedatha ku-orbit, ukubheja ukuthi ingqalasizinda esekelwe esikhaleni ngelinye ilanga inganciphisa ingcindezi ebekwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kumandla kanye nezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba. Lokho eminyakeni embalwa edlule okwakuzwakala njengenganekwane yesayensi emsulwa manje sekubhekwa njengenketho enkulu yamasu ngaphakathi kwezinkampani ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezinethonya kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngaphansi kohlelo lwangaphakathi olwaziwa ngokuthi I-Project Suncatcher, i-Google ifuna ukuhlola ama-rack amancane amaseva e-AI angaphakathi kwamasathelayithi ngaphambi kokuphela kwale minyaka eyishumi. I-SpaceX, kakade engumnikezeli ovelele wokwethulwa kwezentengiselwano, ibona izikhungo zedatha ze-orbital njengensika enkulu elandelayo yebhizinisi layo kanye nendaba ebalulekile yokuqala kwemakethe yamasheya edumile. Phakathi kwabo, bazama ukuthola ukuthi ukususa i-computing emhlabeni kungaba nengqondo yini kwezobuchwepheshe nangokwezomnotho.
Iphrojekthi ye-Google Suncatcher: ukususa i-AI computing emhlabeni
Ngokusho kwemibiko eminingi, okuhlanganisa nokubikwa okuvela ku- I-Wall Street Journal, iBloomberg kanye neReuters, i-Google ibilokhu ithuthukisa i-Project Suncatcher izinyanga eziningi. njengomzamo wocwaningo lwesikhathi eside kanye nengqalasizinda. Umqondo oyinhloko wohlelo ulula: ukwakha i-mesh yamasathelayithi asebenza ngamandla elanga ahlonyiswe ngama-Tensor Processing Units (ama-TPU) e-Google bese uwaxhumanisa ndawonye abe yifu elizungezayo lemithwalo yemisebenzi ye-AI.
Google kuqala uSuncatcher wavunywa esidlangalaleni ngoNovemba ngonyaka odlule, echaza lokhu njengokuhlola kokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yokufunda komshini ngale koMhlaba. I-CEO uSundar Pichai kamuva utshele iFox News Sunday ukuthi uhlelo “ukuthumela imishini emincane kumasathelayithi, ukuyihlola bese iqala ukukala kusukela lapho,” enezela ngokuthi ulindele ukuthi izikhungo zedatha ezisekelwe esikhaleni zibe yindlela evamile yokwakha ingqalasizinda “cishe eminyakeni eyishumi.”
Ngaphansi kohlelo lwamanje, I-Google kanye nomqhubi wesathelayithi i-Planet Labs bahlose ukwethula okungenani izindiza ezimbili eziyisibonelo ukuthwala ama-TPU aye emjikelezweni ophansi woMhlaba ekuqaleni kuka-2027. Lezi zithunywa zokuqala zihlelwe njengezivivinyo "zokufunda": ukuqinisekisa ihadiwe esesikhaleni, ukukala ukusebenza, nokuqonda izinselele zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuqalisweni okubanzi.
Ngemuva kwaleyo ndlela yokuqapha kunenkinga ebaluleke kakhulu. I-International Energy Agency ibikezela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwezikhungo zedatha zomhlaba wonke kungaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngo-2030, ifinyelela cishe ku-945 TWh, kanti i-AI iyisisusa esiyinhloko. E-United States kuphela, izikhungo zedatha zingabalelwa cishe kwengxenye yokukhula okulindelekile kwesidingo samandla ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka, okuphoqa abahlinzeki bamafu ukuthi bafune izinhlobo ezintsha zokukhiqiza nezindawo ezintsha.
I-Google isivele ivikele imithombo yamandla enuzi, e-geothermal kanye neminye imithombo yamandla ephansi kwekhabhoni ngamakhampasi ayo asemhlabeni, kodwa inkampani manje ibheka umjikelezo njengendlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezifanele, iphaneli yelanga ingavuna amandla afinyelela ku-8 ngonyaka kunephaneli efanayo ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo emhlabeni, futhi ezinye izindlela zelanga ezihambisanayo zingagcina amasathelayithi elangeni elicishe lihlale njalo, okunciphisa isidingo samabhethri asindayo.
Kungani i-SpaceX ibalulekile ezifisweni ze-Google zokujikeleza
Ukuze i-Suncatcher yenze umsebenzi ongaphezu kokubhala iphepha, i-Google idinga ukufinyelela isikhala okungabizi, futhi yilapho I-SpaceX ingena esithombeni njengomhlinzeki ohamba phambili wezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabushaI-Wall Street Journal ibika ukuthi i-Google isezingxoxweni ezisebenzayo nenkampani ka-Elon Musk mayelana nesivumelwano sokuqalisa esingaba khona esingasiza ekukhuliseni amaphrothokholi ayo okuqala esikhungo sedatha esizungeza i-orbital.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, I-Google ayigcini ngomhlinzeki oyedwa wokuqalisaLe nkampani ibilokhu ikhuluma nezinye izinkampani zerokhethi, igcina izinketho zivulekile nabadlali abanjengoBlue Origin, Rocket Lab noma i-United Launch Alliance. Lesi simo sabathengisi abaningi sibonisa ukuthi imakethe ye-orbital compute isaqala futhi iyazama kangakanani; akekho ofuna ukuboshwa nomlingani oyedwa ngaphambi kokuba ezomnotho zicace.
Kukhona futhi ukuxhumana kwezezimali okunesikhathi eside phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili. I-Google itshale imali engaba yizigidi ezingama-900 zamaRandi ku-SpaceX ngo-2015., isabelo esibikwe cishe ku-6.1% wesabelo senkampani yasemkhathini. UDon Harrison, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Google, usebhodini le-SpaceX, enikeza i-Alphabet ukubonakala okuqondile kwezifiso zikaMusk mayelana namarokhethi, amasathelayithi kanye nengqalasizinda ye-AI.
Naphezu kwalokhu kuxhumana, ubudlelwano abukhululekile ngokuqondile. I-Google ne-SpaceX bangabalingani abazoba khona kanye nezimbangi zesikhathi esizayo ngasikhathi sinye ekubhaleni kwe-orbital, ngayinye idweba umbono wayo wokuthi izikhungo zedatha ze-AI zingase zisetshenziswe kanjani ngale koMhlaba. Noma yisiphi isivumelwano sokuqalisa singahlanganisa ngempumelelo izimbangi ezimbili ukuze kuhlolwe ubuchwepheshe okungekho hlangothi olungabufakazela okwamanje ezingeni lezimboni.
Ngokombono we-SpaceX, intshisekelo ayikhona nje ukuthengisa amarokhethi. Le nkampani inayo isicelo ngokusemthethweni kubalawuli base-US semvume yokusebenzisa "uhlelo lwezikhungo zedatha ye-orbital" lokho, ephepheni, kungafaka amasathelayithi afinyelela esigidini anikezelwe ekubalweni kwe-orbit. Uma kuqhathaniswa, okwamanje kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunamasathelayithi angaphansi kuka-17,000 azo zonke izinhlobo eziku-orbit.
Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-Suncatcher: ifu elijikelezayo eliyi-modular
Ngaphansi kophawu, i-Project Suncatcher empeleni iyi- isiphakamiso sesikhungo sedatha esisatshalaliswe kakhulu esakhiwe ngamasathelayithi amaningi amancaneEsikhundleni sesakhiwo esisodwa se-monolithic, i-Google ibona amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezindiza ezincane ezindizeni eziqinile, ngayinye ibamba ama-TPU kanye nenkumbulo yokuqeqeshwa kwe-AI kanye nemisebenzi yokucabanga.
Ephepheni lobuchwepheshe, I-Google idweba isibonelo sokwakheka kwamasathelayithi angu-81 avaleleke ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engaba yikhilomitha elilodwa.Ukuze zisebenze njengesikhungo sedatha esihambisanayo, lezo zindiza kuzodingeka zabelane ngedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, inkampani ikhomba isivinini sokuxhumanisa esiqondiwe esingafika ku-10 Tbps phakathi komakhelwane besebenzisa izixhumanisi ze-optical multiplexing optical ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa kakade ezikhungweni zedatha zomhlaba.
Ukufeza lowo mkhawulokudonsa kudinga amasathelayithi okundiza eduze komunye nomunye, okwengeza ungqimba oluhlukile lobunzima. Le nkampani ilindele ukuthembela ezinhlelweni zokulawula eziqhutshwa yi-AI ukuze zilungise njalo indawo yendiza ngayinye futhi zigweme ukushayisana, okubalwa amandla adonsela phansi, ukuhudula komkhathi ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nezinye iziphazamiso ezingasusa amasathelayithi endaweni yawo.
Ngaphezu kwe-orbital dynamics, ukuphathwa kokushisa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemisebe kubonakala njengezinkinga ezibalulekile zobunjiniyelaAma-TPU e-Google angama-chip anamandla amakhulu akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, futhi endaweni yokuphumula akukho moya wokuthwala lokho kushisa. Izixazululo eziphakanyisiwe zifaka phakathi amapayipi okushisa ayinkimbinkimbi nama-radiator, kodwa ukuklama nokuqinisekisa izinhlelo ezinjalo zemithwalo yemisebenzi ye-AI eningi endaweni yokujikeleza kusalokhu kuyinselele evulekile.
Uhlangothi lwenkumbulo alulula kakhulu. Inkumbulo yesimanje ye-high-bandwidth (HBM) esetshenziswa kuma-accelerator e-AI iyazwela emisebeni, okungabangela amaphutha edatha kanye nokonakala uma kungancishiswa kahle. Ukuqinisa lezi zingxenye noma ukwengeza izinhlelo zokulungisa amaphutha eziqinile cishe kuzokwandisa izindleko, ubunzima kanye nobunzima bomklamo—okuyizona kanye izinhlaka opharetha be-orbital abazama ukuzinciphisa.
Izindleko zokuqalisa: i-make-or-break variable
Ngaphansi kwayo yonke imidwebo yesikhathi esizayo, Inkinga yezomnotho yezikhungo zedatha ye-orbital iseyintengo ngekhilogramu kuya ku-orbit ephansi yoMhlabaI-Google ilinganisele ukuthi uma izindleko zokuqalisa zehla cishe ku-$200 ngekhilogramu, izindleko zamandla zonyaka zokusebenzisa i-Suncatcher zingase ziqale ukubonakala zifana nezesikhungo sedatha sanamuhla esisekelwe emhlabathini.
Njengamanje, izilinganiso zemboni zisabeka amanani ajwayelekile okuqalisa angaba ngu-$1,500 kuya ku-$2,000 ngekhilogramu kwemisebenzi eminingi, ngisho nangamarokhethi angasetshenziswa kabusha kancane. I-SpaceX nabanye abadlali bathi basebenzela ukuthola amanani aphansi kakhulu kamuva ngawo-2030, ikakhulukazi njengoba izimoto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokugcwele njenge-Starship sezivuthiwe.
Kwesinye sezimo ezinethemba elikhulu okuxoxwe ngazo mayelana nohlelo lwe-SpaceX, ukusetshenziswa kabusha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-high-cadence kungenza izindleko zehle zifinyelele cishe ku-$60 ngekhilogremuUma lezo zinombolo zingafinyelelwa futhi zigcinwe, umnotho wokuthunyelwa kwehadiwe yokubala emzileni ubuzobonakala uhlukile kakhulu kunanamuhla, okungenzeka ukuthi kuholele ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu.
Okwamanje, lokho kusalokhu kuyisibonelo. Abahlaziyi kanye nababukeli bemboni, okuhlanganisa nezitolo ezifana ne-TechCrunch, qaphela ukuthi izikhungo zedatha zomhlaba ziyaqhubeka nokuba zishibhile kakhulu lapho izindleko ezigcwele zokuklama isathelayithi, ukuqaliswa, ukusebenza kwe-orbit kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwayo ekugcineni kubhekwa. Igebe phakathi kombono wesikhathi eside kanye neqiniso lezezimali lanamuhla lingenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ochwepheshe abaningi basaphatha ukubalwa kwe-orbital njengokubheja okuqagelayo.
I-SpaceX isebenzisa leyo ndaba yesikhathi eside njenge- iphuzu lokuthengisa ezethulweni kubatshalizimali abangaba khona ngaphambi kwe-IPO ehleliweImibiko iphakamisa ukuthi inkampani ihlose ukufakwa ohlwini lomphakathi kuleli hlobo, ihlose inani elifinyelela ku-$1.75 trillion, kanti izikhungo zedatha ze-orbital zidlala indima ebalulekile endabeni elandisa ngokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhungo sedatha sikaMusk esijikeleza yonke indawo kanye ne-AI ebanzi
Ku-Elon Musk, ukubeka izikhungo zedatha ze-AI endaweni yokujikeleza sekuyindaba yomuntu siqu neyamasuNgemva kokuzwa ngezinhlelo ze-Google ze-Suncatcher, kubikwa ukuthi waphakamisa ukubala kwe-orbital kwaba yinto eza kuqala ngaphakathi kwe-SpaceX, ekuveza njengendlela ethembekile yokwandisa ukubala kwe-AI ngale kwemingcele yamagridi kagesi asemhlabeni kanye nokutholakala komhlaba.
UMusk uphikise ngokuthi Inkinga yangempela ye-AI ethuthukisiwe akuyona ama-chips kodwa ugesi, nokuthi "indawo eshibhile kakhulu yokubeka i-AI" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyoba isikhala, lapho amasathelayithi angadonsa khona amandla elanga aqhubekayo ngaphandle kobusuku, amafu noma ukuphazamiseka komkhathi. Kwezinye zezibikezelo zakhe ezijabulisayo, uphakamise ukuthi phakathi neminyaka emibili noma emithathu, ukubala okusekelwe emkhathini kungaba yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-AI ezinkulu.
Ngisho nemibhalo ye-SpaceX yabalawuli kanye nabatshalizimali iveza ukuqaphela okukhulu, nokho. Le nkampani iyavuma ukuthi izikhungo zedatha ze-orbital zincike kubuchwepheshe obuningi obungaqinisekisiwe futhi ekugcineni kungase kungaphumeleli ukuphumelela kwezentengiselwano. Ukupholisa, imisebe, ukubambezeleka kanye nobunzima bokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokujikeleza konke kubeka izingozi ezinkulu.
Okwamanje, i-SpaceX ihlanganisa i-orbital computing ibe yi-batter ebanzi. Uhlelo lwengqalasizinda ye-AI oluhlanganisa isikhala nomhlabathi. Amafayela nemibiko yakamuva ichaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SpaceX ne-xAI kube yinto eyodwa enenani elilinganiselwa ku-$1.25 trillion, okuhlanganisa ngempumelelo amarokhethi, amasathelayithi kanye nokubalwa kwe-AI ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa senkampani.
I-SpaceX iphinde yafaka i-inki ku- Isivumelwano esidumile nenkampani ye-AI i-AnthropicNgaphansi kwaleso sivumelwano, i-Anthropic izothola ukufinyelela esikhungweni sedatha se-SpaceX i-Colossus 1 eMemphis, esisekelwa ama-GPU e-Nvidia angaphezu kuka-220,000 kanye nama-megawatts angaba ngu-300 wamandla. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili ziphinde zaveza intshisekelo yokusebenzisana “kuma-gigawatts amaningana” omthamo wokubala we-AI we-orbital esikhathini eside, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwengqalasizinda yomhlaba kanye neyasemkhathini.
Ingcindezi yemvelo kanye nokusesha imingcele emisha yokubala
Ukuqhubekela phambili ezikhungweni zedatha ze-orbital kuyavela ngemuva kokufakwa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomphumela we-AI kwezemveloUSally Radwan, umqondisi wedijithali ku-United Nations Environment Programme, uxwayise ngokuthi yize umthelela ophelele ungakaqondakali kahle, izimpawu zokuqala ziyakhathaza ngokwanele ukuthi zenze kube nelungelo lokuhlolisisa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-AI ngobuningi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-UN kugqamisa ukuthi Izindleko ze-AI zemvelo zidlulela ngale kokusetshenziswa kukagesiKuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavamile, inani elikhulayo lemfucuza kagesi evela ekuthuthukisweni kwehadiwe, amanzi adingekayo ukupholisa amapulazi amaseva aminyene kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Lezo zici zicindezela abenzi benqubomgomo kanye nemiphakathi yendawo ukuba imelane nezindawo ezinkulu ezintsha zesikhungo sedatha kwezinye izifunda.
Kulabo abasekela ukubalwa kwe-orbital, isikhala sinikeza indlela yokugwema okungenani ezinye zalezi zithiyoAmasathelayithi asebenza ngamaphaneli elanga awancintisani ngomhlaba, awadonsi amanzi endawo ukuze apholise futhi awacindezeli ngqo amagridi omhlaba. Abasekeli bathi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukususa ingxenye yemisebenzi ye-AI emhlabeni kunganciphisa ingcindezi emiphakathini esivele ibamba izikhungo eziningi ezinkulu.
Abangabazayo baphendula ngokuthi isikhala akusona isidlo sasemini semvelo samahhalaUkukhiqiza, ukuqalisa nokuqeda izinkulungwane noma izigidi zamasathelayithi kunezindleko zako zezinto zokwakha kanye namandla, futhi ingozi yokuba kubi kakhulu kwemfucumfucu ye-orbital iyinkinga ekhulayo yezinhlangano zasemkhathini kanye nabalawuli. Ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezindlela ezisekelwe emhlabathini kanye nezindlela ze-orbital kusalokhu kuyindaba yocwaningo olusebenzayo kunesayensi ezinzile.
Okusobala ukuthi izidingo zamandla ze-AI ziyaphoqa abahlinzeki bamafu kanye nezinkampani zasemkhathini babambisana kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi esidlule. Akuzange kube kudala lapho u-Elon Musk asungula i-OpenAI ngokwengxenye njengokuhlola izifiso ze-AI ze-Google, kulandela ukungavumelani noLarry Page ngokuphepha. Namuhla, i-SpaceX kaMusk ixoxisana ne-Google mayelana nokwethulwa, ngisho noma zombili izinkampani zihlose ukubusa ungqimba olusha, olusacatshangelwa lwengqalasizinda yesikhala.
Umjaho wekhompyutha we-orbital osafufusa, onezimbangi kanye nemibuzo evulekile
I-Google ne-SpaceX akuzona zodwa ezihlola amanzi. Ezinye izinkampani ezintsha kanye nabatshalizimali sebeqala ukuhlukanisa izikhungo zedatha ze-orbital njengemakethe ehlukile, okuphakamisa ukuthi lo mbono uthandwe kakhulu kunezikhondlakhondla ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe.
UBaiju Bhatt, umsunguli weRobinhood, muva nje washintsha igama lakhe lenkampani yakhe yasemkhathini njengeCowboy Space Corporation futhi waqoqa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-275 ukuze alandele izikhungo zedatha ze-orbital eziqhutshwa amarokhethi angaphakathi endlini. Impikiswano yakhe iwukuthi amandla okuqalisa azohlala elinganiselwe iminyaka eminingi, ngakho-ke ukuba namarokhethi kuyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela njalo ku-orbit ukuze kutholakale imithwalo yemisebenzi yokubala.
Kubikwa ukuthi iCowboy Space ihlose ukuhlasela ukwethulwa kwayo kokuqala ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2028Nakuba lowo mugqa wesikhathi ulandela izinhlelo ze-prototype ze-Google zango-2027, ugcizelela inkolelo phakathi kwabanye osomabhizinisi yokuthi ukubala kwe-orbital kungakhula kube umugqa webhizinisi onenjongo esikhathini esimaphakathi uma ezomnotho zokuqalisa kanye nobuchwepheshe besathelayithi kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka.
Abadlali bezindiza abaziwayo nabo bangazithola bedonseleka enkundleni. I-Blue Origin, i-United Launch Alliance kanye ne-Rocket Lab bonke bangabalingani abafanelekayo bokuqalisa ngokuhlolwa kokubala kwe-orbital uma kunganikeza amanani ancintisanayo kanye namaphrofayili omsebenzi. Kuze kube manje, i-Google ayikasho ezinye izindlela ezithile esikhundleni se-SpaceX, kodwa ababukeli bemboni bacabanga ukuthi la magama ayingxenye yanoma yikuphi ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwabathengisi.
Okwamanje, iningi lomsebenzi lihlala e- ukufakwa kwemithetho, amadekhi abatshalizimali kanye nemibhalo yokuklama yesigaba sokuqala kunezinhlelo zezinga lokukhiqiza. Ngisho nabasekeli abanethemba bayavuma ukuthi izinselele ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-in-orbit, ukushintshwa kwehadiwe kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwemisebe azinazo izindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokulinganisa ezidingekayo emisebenzini yesimanje ye-AI.
Naphezu kwalokho kungaqiniseki, iqiniso lokuthi i-Google, i-SpaceX nabanye baxoxisana ngokusobala ngamaphrojekthi esikhungo sedatha ye-orbital Kuphawula ushintsho. Lokho okwakuzwakala njengomqondo ongavamile sekushintshele ekuhleleni okujulile kwezinkampani, okugcwele izikhathi, ama-prototype kanye nezindaba zokutshalwa kwezimali eziyizigidigidi zamaRandi.
Uma kubhekwa konke, izinyathelo ze-Google ne-SpaceX zisikisela ukuthi Isahluko esilandelayo sengqalasizinda ye-AI singadlulela ngale kwamakhampasi amasha omhlabaUma i-Project Suncatcher, izinhlelo zokubala ze-orbital ze-SpaceX kanye nemizamo yabancintisani abasafufusa ithela izithelo, izikhungo zedatha ezithuthuke kakhulu zeminyaka yawo-2030 kungenzeka zingenawo nhlobo amakheli emigwaqo, kodwa izixhumanisi ze-orbital zizungeza phezulu ngaphezu koMhlaba.
