I-Matplotlib ingumtapo wezincwadi onamandla wokuhlela osetshenziswa ngolimi lohlelo lwePython. Ihlinzeka nge-API egxile entweni yokushumeka iziqephu ezinhlelweni ezisebenzisa amathuluzi e-GUI enhloso evamile njenge-Tkinter, i-wxPython, noma i-Qt. Elinye lamathuluzi abalulekile anikezwe iMatplotlib yikhono lokudala isiqephu sesikhathi sokuzethemba.
Isikhawu sokuzithemba, njengetemu lezibalo, sisho izinga lokuqiniseka ngendlela yesampula. Izinga lokuzethemba likutshela ukuthi ungaqiniseka kangakanani, ivezwa njengephesenti. Isibonelo, izinga lokuzethemba elingu-99% liphakamisa ukuthi isilinganiso ngasinye samathuba akho kungenzeka sinembile ngo-99% wesikhathi.
Ukudala Isakhiwo Sesikhashana Sokuqiniseka Ngokusebenzisa i-Matplotlib
Ukudala isiqephu sesikhashana sokuzethemba ku-Matplotlib kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Ake singene encazelweni yekhodi yePython ehambisanayo ukuze sifeze lezi zinyathelo:
Okokuqala, kufanele singenise imitapo yolwazi edingekayo:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from scipy.stats import sem, t from scipy import mean
Manje, singakwazi ukubala isikhawu sokuzethemba silandela lezi zinyathelo.
1. Nquma idathasethi engahleliwe esizobala ngayo isikhawu sokuzithemba.
2. Bala isilinganiso nephutha elivamile ledathasethi.
3. Thola umkhawulo wephutha ngesikhathi sokuzethemba.
4. Okokugcina, bala ububanzi besikhawu sokuzethemba.
Nansi ikhodi yePython ehambisana nalezi zinyathelo.
confidence = 0.95 data = np.random.rand(100) n = len(data) m = mean(data) std_err = sem(data) h = std_err * t.ppf((1 + confidence) / 2, n - 1) start = m - h end = m + h
Okuhlukile 'ukuzethemba' izinga lokuzethemba elivezwa njengephesenti, futhi 'idatha' iqukethe idathasethi engahleliwe. Iphutha elisho kanye nelijwayelekile libalwa ngomsebenzi 'okushoyo' kanye 'no-'sem' welabhulali ye-SciPy ngokulandelanayo. Imajini yephutha 'h' inqunywa ngokuphindaphinda iphutha elijwayelekile nge-t-score, esiyilanda ekusabalaliseni kuka-t sisebenzisa umsebenzi we-'ppf'. Okokugcina, sibala ububanzi besikhawu sokuzithemba.
Ukuhlela Isikhathi Sokuqiniseka eMatplotlib
Kulesi sigaba sokugcina sekhodi, sisebenzisa i-Matplotlib ukubona ngeso lengqondo isikhathi sokuzethemba.
plt.figure(figsize=(9,6))
plt.bar(np.arange(len(data)), data)
plt.fill_between(np.arange(len(data)), start, end, color='b', alpha=0.1)
plt.title('Confidence Interval')
plt.show()
Isebenzisa isakhiwo sebha ukuze ibonise idatha kanye nendlela 'yokugcwalisa_phakathi' ukuze imele isikhawu sokuzithemba. Umsebenzi 'wesibalo' uqalisa isibalo esisha futhi umsebenzi 'wombukiso' wethula isakhiwo.
Ukudala isakhiwo sesikhawu sokuzethemba ku-Matplotlib kuyindlela elula yokuhlaziya idatha yakho, ikakhulukazi idatha ebandakanya ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo. Leli thuluzi elinamandla linikeza indlela elula futhi enembile ukwethula idatha eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela engachazwa kalula, iyenze ibe yikhithi yamathuluzi ebalulekile kunoma yimuphi umhlaziyi wedatha ye-python noma usosayensi. Ngokuqonda indlela yokukhohlisa nokusebenzisa lokhu, singenza inqubo yokutolika idatha isebenze kahle futhi inembe kakhudlwana.
