I-MicroPython enamabhodi e-Arduino: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Owusizo

Ikhaya » Python » I-MicroPython enamabhodi e-Arduino: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Owusizo

Uma usuvele uzizwa ukhululekile nge-Python "ejwayelekile" futhi usanda kuhlangana ne-MicroPython, awuwedwa. Abathuthukisi abaningi bathola okufanayo lapho beqala ukusebenzisa ama-microcontroller afana ne-Arduino, i-ESP32 noma i-Raspberry Pi Pico. Uma uqala ukubuka, i-syntax ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-CPython, kodwa kungazelelwe kuba namamojula amasha, amakilasi aqondene nehadiwe kanye nendlela ehlukile yokukhanyisa nokusebenzisa ikhodi emabhodini.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa ulwazi oluyisihluthulelo oluvela ezinsizeni zesiNgisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu mayelana ne-MicroPython ne-Arduino bese uluxuba nomongo ongokoqobo, wangempela.Uzobona ukuthi ikhodi esemthethweni ye-MicroPython ihlala kuphi, ukuthi yimaphi amabhodi ahambisana ne-Arduino angasebenzisa i-MicroPython, ukuthi hlobo luni lwabashayeli kanye nemitapo yolwazi etholakalayo, nokuthi ungaqala kanjani uma unebhodi yesitayela se-Arduino njenge-NodeMCU esekelwe ku-ESP, i-Nano ESP32, i-Nano RP2040 Connect noma i-Portenta.

Iyini i-MicroPython nokuthi ihlobene kanjani ne-Arduino

I-MicroPython iwukusetshenziswa okungelula kolimi lwe-Python olwenzelwe ukusebenza ngqo kuma-microcontrollersEsikhundleni sokusebenza ku-OS egcwele ideskithophu, i-MicroPython isebenza kuma-chips amancane ane-RAM elinganiselwe kanye nememori ye-flash, ikunikeza i-Python prompt ngqo kudivayisi. Umongo wolimi uhlala useduze kakhulu ne-CPython, ngakho ulwazi lwakho lwe-Python olukhona luyaqhubeka, kodwa uthola amamojula engeziwe afana nalawa umshini, Inethiwekhi or awu ukukhuluma nezikhonkwane, izinzwa, amabhasi kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto.

Ubudlelwano ne-Arduino bumayelana kakhulu nehadiwe nama-API, hhayi mayelana nendawo yendabuko ye-Arduino ethi “C++ sketches”I-MicroPython ihlose amabhodi nama-chip athile (amachweba) afana ESP32, ESP8266, I-RP2040, i-nRF51/nRF52, I-STM32, I-SAMD, I-Renesas RA, njalo njalo. Amabhodi amaningi esimanje anophawu lwe-Arduino akhiwe phezu kwalawo ma-MCU, okuyiwona awenza ahambisane ne-MicroPython.

I-Arduino Uno yakudala, esekelwe ku-ATmega328P 8‑bit AVR, ayinayo imbobo esemthethweni ye-MicroPython. Kumane kuvinjelwe kakhulu ngokwe-flash kanye ne-RAM, futhi i-MicroPython VM ayiklanyelwe i-chip encane kangaka. Yingakho uzobona imibuzo yomphakathi efana nokuthi “Ngiyisebenzisa kanjani i-MicroPython ku-Arduino Uno?” futhi impendulo emfushane neqotho ithi: ngokuvamile awukwazi, futhi uma ngandlela thile wenza kanjalo, kuzoba nomkhawulo omkhulu futhi kungasekelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Lapho i-Arduino ne-MicroPython zihlangana khona ngempela kusebhodini elisha le-“Arduino” elisebenzisa ama-MCU angu-32 bit anezinsiza ezaneleAmabhodi afana nalawa I-Arduino Nano ESP32, I-Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect, I-Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, Arduino Giga, IPortenta H7, I-Portenta C33, Nicla Vision, I-Nicla Sense Env futhi I-Opta WiFi hlala phezu kwama-chips afana ne-ESP32, RP2040, STM32H7, Renesas RA6M5, kanye nemindeni efanayo. Lawo ma-MCU anamachweba e-MicroPython asemthethweni noma athuthukiswe ngenkuthalo.

Umthombo osemthethweni we-MicroPython, amachweba akhiwe futhi asekelwayo

I-MicroPython yathuthukiswa endaweni evulekile kusetshenziswa i-Git yokulawula inguqulo, futhi indawo yokugcina ebhalwe kahle ihlala ku-GitHub ku-github.com/micropython/micropython. Leyo ndawo yokugcina idatha igcina umthombo ophelele womhumushi, imitapo yolwazi eyinhloko kanye namachweba emindeni ehlukahlukene yama-microcontroller. Uma kwenzeka udinga ukuhlola izinto zangaphakathi noma ukwakha isithombe sakho se-firmware, yilapho okufanele uye khona.

Le phrojekthi inikeza ukusatshalaliswa okugcwele kwekhodi yomthombo yenguqulo yakamuva ezinzile njengezingobo zomlando ezingalandwaLokhu kukhishwa kuhlanganisa umhumushi, imitapo yolwazi kanye namachweba esithombeni ongaziqopha wena. Kubantu abafuna ukuhlala eduze kakhulu nomngcele, kukhona izithombe zansuku zonke ze-GitHub repository itholakala kuseva ye-MicroPython. Lezo zithombe zivame ukushiya ama-submodule e-Git kodwa zilandelela isimo samanje sentuthuko, okuwusizo uma uhlola izici ezintsha noma uthumela ama-patches.

Ngaphezu kwekhodi yomthombo, i-MicroPython inikeza izithombe ze-firmware ezakhiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo zamabhodi ahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo.Lawa ma-firmware akhiqizwa nsuku zonke kuma-port ahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

• alif
• cc3200
• esp32 (ngezinhlobo ezifana ne-esp32c2, esp32c3, esp32c5, esp32c6, esp32p4, esp32s2, esp32s3)
• esp8266
• i-mimxrt (i.MX RT)
• nrf (nRF51, nRF52, nRF91)
• i-renesas-ra (RA4M1, RA4W1, RA6M1, RA6M2, RA6M5, njll.)
• rp2 (RP2040, RP2350)
• samd (SAMD21, SAMD51)
• bnkusi (STM32F0, F4, F411, F7, G0, G4, H5, H7, L0, L1, L4, U5, WB, WL)

Lezo zakhiwo zansuku zonke zivame ukuhlukaniswa futhi zihlungwe ngezici, umthengisi kanye ne-MCU ukuze uthole ngokushesha isithombe se-firmware esifanelana nebhodi lakho.. Izihlungi zezici zifaka phakathi amakhono afana nalawa I-Audio Codec, BHEKA, Ukushaja Ibhethri, CAN, Ikhamera, I-DAC, Khombisa, I-Dual-core, Inzwa Yemvelo, Ethernet, I-Flash Yangaphandle, I-RAM yangaphandle, Feather, IMU, I-JST‑PH/JST‑SH, LoRa, Imakrofoni, I-PoE, I-RGB LED, I-SDCard, Element Secure, I-USB/USB‑C, WiFi, I-microSD, Futhi mikroBUSKukhona futhi isihlungi somthengisi lapho, isibonelo, unganciphisa khona imiphumela ibe Amabhodi anophawu lwe-Arduino.

Amabhodi amaningana e-Arduino abhalwe ngokucacile noma ambozwe ngokungaqondile ngama-MCU awoPhakathi kwamagama e-Arduino ahlobene nokwakhiwa kwe-MicroPython uzothola:

• Jig
• I-Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
• I-Arduino Nano ESP32
• I-Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect
• I-Arduino Nicla Vision
• I-Arduino Nicla Sense Env (kukhonzwa ngelayibrari ethile)
• I-Arduino Opta WiFi
• I-Arduino Portenta C33
• I-Arduino Portenta H7 (okuvame ukubhekiselwa njengohlobo lwe-envie_m7)

Ngenxa yokuthi izithombe ze-firmware zakhiwe nge-port kanye nebhodi ngalinye, isinyathelo sakho sokuqala njalo ukuthola i-MCU eqondile kanye nohlobo olusetshenziswa yibhodi lakho le-Arduino.Isibonelo, i-Arduino Nano ESP32 iqondisa ku- esp32 imbobo, kuyilapho i-Nano RP2040 Connect isebenzisa rp2 itheku. I-Portenta H7 iwela ngaphansi kwe- bnkusi umndeni osezingeni eliphezulu, kanti i-Portenta C33 incike ku- i-renesas-ra imbobo. Ukufanisa lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhanyisa i-MicroPython binary efanele.

Ingabe i-MicroPython isebenza kuwo wonke amabhodi e-Arduino?

Lona omunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu evela kubantu abathola i-MicroPython ngemuva kokusebenza ne-ecosystem ye-Arduino.Inguqulo emfushane ithi: I-MicroPython ayisekeli wonke amabhodi e-Arduino, kodwa isekela eziningi ezintsha ezisebenzisa ama-MCU angu-32 bit anememori ne-flash eyanele.

Amabhodi lapho i-MicroPython ingeyona inketho yangempela yi-AVR Arduinos yakudala njenge-Uno, i-Nano (yakudala), i-Mega noma i-Leonardo.. Lawo mabhodi athembele kuma-microcontroller e-AVR angu-8 bit anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Nakuba kube namachweba okuhlola kanye namafoloko amancane kakhulu emphakathini, iphrojekthi esemthethweni ye-MicroPython igxile kuzakhiwo ze-32 bit ezinekhono kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele ulindele i-firmware ye-MicroPython ephucuziwe, egcinwe ngokusemthethweni ye-Uno.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-NodeMCU kanye namabhodi okuthuthukisa e-ESP8266/ESP32 afanayo afana kahle ne-MicroPython futhi asekelwa ngenkuthaloI-NodeMCU ngokuvamile isebenzisa i- ESP8266 or ESP32 i-chip, zombili ezinezimbobo ze-MicroPython ezizinzile nezithandwayo. Ukufaka i-MicroPython ku-NodeMCU kukunikeza indlela enobungane kakhulu yokwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IoT okunikwe amandla yi-WiFi nge-syntax ye-Python esikhundleni se-Arduino C++ dialect.

Ngehadiwe enophawu lwe-Arduino, gxila kumamodeli asebenzisa kabusha ama-MCU afanayo namabhodi e-MicroPython ajwayelekileLokhu kufaka phakathi umndeni obanzi:

• I-Arduino Nano ESP32 — Isekelwe ku-ESP32; isebenzisa imbobo ye-esp32.
• I-Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect — isekelwe ku-Raspberry Pi RP2040; isebenzisa imbobo ye-rp2.
• I-Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense — I-Nordic nRF52; isekelwa ngembobo ye-nrf.
• Arduino Giga — i-STM32H7 MCU ephezulu; imbozwe ngembobo ye-stm32.
• I-Arduino Portenta H7 — I-STM32H7 dual-core; isekelwa nge-stm32.
• I-Arduino Portenta C33 — I-microcontroller ye-Renesas RA; ixhunywe echwebeni le-renesas‑ra.
• I-Arduino Nicla Vision kanye namabhodi e-Nicla ahlobene — akhiwe ngama-MCU asekelwayo futhi axazululwa ngabashayeli be-MicroPython abakhethekile.
• I-Arduino Opta WiFi — egxile ezimbonini, kodwa eyakhelwe ezingxenyeni ze-STM32 ezisekelwayo.

Uma ubambe i-Arduino Uno kanye ne-NodeMCU eceleni, yi-NodeMCU kuphela engumuntu ofanelekela i-MicroPython.Nge-Uno, kungcono kakhulu ukuhlala ne-Arduino C++ noma ukuthuthukisa ibhodi yesimanje, enobungane ne-MicroPython esafanelana kahle ne-ecosystem ye-Arduino, njenge-Nano ESP32 noma i-Nano RP2040 Connect.

Udinga i-IDE entsha noma amathuluzi engeziwe e-MicroPython?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-MicroPython kuzwakala kuhlukile ekuhlanganiseni imidwebo ye-Arduino, kodwa awudingi ngempela i-IDE entsha esindayoNgenxa yokuthi i-MicroPython isebenzisa umhumushi ebhodini, uvame ukusebenza ngamafayela e-.py abhalwe ngokusobala kanye ne-REPL elandelanayo esikhundleni semidwebo ye-.hex noma ye-.bin ehlanganisiwe.

Izidingo ezibalulekile ziyindlela yokukhanyisa i-firmware ebhodini kanye nethuluzi lokulayisha amafayela e-Python nokukhuluma ne-REPLUkuze uthole ukukhanya, ngokuvamile uthembele kumathuluzi omthengisi noma izinsiza zomugqa wemiyalo ezifana esptool.py (nge-ESP8266/ESP32), noma usebenzisa ukwesekwa kwebhodi le-bootloader (UF2 ye-RP2040, i-DFU ye-STM32, njll.). Amakhasi amaningi ewebhu e-MicroPython namadokhumenti akunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokukhanyisa nge-port ngayinye.

Ukuze uhlele futhi udlulise amafayela, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa umhleli wakho wekhodi owuthandayo bese ufaka nje umsizi oqaphela i-MicroPythonIzinketho ezivamile zifaka:

• Thonny — i-Python IDE elula enokusekelwa kwe-MicroPython eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-serial REPL kanye nokuphathwa kwamafayela.
• Umhleli we-Mu — umhleli onobungane kwabaqalayo okhuluma i-MicroPython kanye ne-CircuitPython.
• Ikhodi ye-VS ngezandiso — ungasebenzisa ukwesekwa okuvamile kwe-Python kanye nezengezo eziphatha ukulayisha kwe-MicroPython/REPL.
• i-ampy / i-rshell / i-mpremote — amathuluzi omugqa wemiyalo ukulayisha izikripthi, uhlu lwamafayela nokuxhumana ne-REPL kudivayisi.

Kwamanye amabhodi anophawu lwe-Arduino, uzothola nezindlela zokuhlanganisa ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlale useduze nomhlaba we-Arduino ngenkathi usabhala ikhodi ye-MicroPython.Amathuluzi athile kanye nemitapo yolwazi ikuvumela ukuthi hlela izinhlelo zakho ze-MicroPython ngesitayela se-Arduino ukusetha() futhi iluphu (), futhi uveze imisebenzi ejwayelekile efana idijithaliBhala or i-analogRead ngemuva kwezigcawu. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi be-Arduino asebenesikhathi eside bazizwe besekhaya, yize isikhathi sokusebenza esiyisisekelo siyi-MicroPython.

Empeleni, ukushintshela ku-MicroPython ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi uyeka ukusebenzisa i-Arduino IDE yakudala kulawo maphrojekthi bese uthuthela ku-workflow eqondiswe ku-Python.Nokho, imodeli yakho yengqondo "yebhodi + izikhonkwane + imitapo yolwazi + izibonelo" ihlala ingashintshi, futhi ngemva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili zokulungisa, inhlanganisela ye-MicroPython editor + REPL izwakala ingokwemvelo kakhulu.

Ukuqala: kusukela ku-Arduino Uno kanye ne-NodeMCU kuya ku-MicroPython

Uma umgomo wakho ukusebenzisa i-MicroPython ku-Arduino Uno, cishe uzoshaya udonga oluqinile. Umhumushi mkhulu kakhulu kwi-ATmega328P ye-Uno, futhi iphrojekthi esemthethweni ayinikezi ichweba eligcinwe kahle. Ungase uthole amafoloko okuhlola noma ama-derivatives ahlutshiwe kakhulu, kodwa ngeke aziphathe njengendawo evamile ye-MicroPython, futhi imitapo yolwazi eminingi ngeke ifanele. Kubantu abaningi, isinyathelo esisebenzayo ukwamukela ukuthi i-Uno iyibhodi "le-Arduino C++" elijwayelekile bese ukhetha idivayisi ehlukile yokuhlolwa kwe-MicroPython.

Nokho, nge-NodeMCU (i-ESP8266 noma i-ESP32 variant), ungalandela indlela eqondile eya ku-MicroPythonIzinyathelo eziqondile ziyahluka kancane nge-chip, kodwa ukugeleza okuvamile yilokhu:

• 1. Landa i-firmware ye-MicroPython efanele ye-port yakho ye-esp8266 noma ye-esp32 ekhasini lokulanda le-MicroPython noma iseva yokwakha yansuku zonke. Qiniseka ukuthi ukwakheka kufana nosayizi we-flash yakho nomndeni webhodi.
• 2. Sula bese ukhanyisa ibhodi usebenzisa esptool.py (noma okulingana nayo) kukhompyutha yakho. Lokhu kusula i-firmware ekhona (ngokuvamile i-NodeMCU Lua noma i-Arduino sketches) bese kufakwa i-MicroPython esikhundleni salokho.
• 3. Xhuma i-serial terminal noma ithuluzi le-REPL (njengoThonny, Mu, mpremote noma i-general serial console) ngesilinganiso esifanele se-baud. Kufanele ubone okujwayelekile >>> I-Python prompt uma konke kuhambe kahle.
• 4. Dala futhi ulayishe izikripthi okuthiwa i-boot.py futhi main.py, noma amanye amamojula ofuna ukuwangenisa. Lawa azosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo noma atholakalele ukungeniswa okusebenzisanayo.

Iphethini efanayo isebenza kumabhodi amaningi anophawu lwe-Arduino anobungani be-MicroPython, umehluko wangempela kuphela uwukuthi i-flashing tooling kanye nokuziphatha kwe-bootloader.Isibonelo, i-Arduino esekelwe ku-RP2040 izosebenzisa i-UF2 bootloader (hudula bese uphonsa ifayela le-.uf2), kuyilapho i-Portenta H7 izoncika ku-STM32 boot mechanisms noma kumasevisi omkhiqizi. Uma isikhanyisiwe, uhlangothi lwe-Python lubukeka lufana kakhulu: umshini. Iphinikhodi kwe-GPIO, umshini.I2C ngezinzwa, njalo njalo.

Ithuluzi elengeziwe elitholakalayo ohlelweni lwe-Arduino umtapo wolwazi we-MicroPython okusizayo okuvumela ukuthi ubhale ikhodi ngendlela efana nomdwebo.Lo mtapo wolwazi uhlinzeka ngama-API e-Arduino kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-MicroPython kwe ukusetha() futhi iluphu ()Isibonelo, ungabhala into efana nomdwebo we-Arduino, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-hood isebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza se-MicroPython nge-Python syntax kanye ne-semantics. Lokho kwenza ukuguquka kube lula kubantu abanemikhuba ye-Arduino yeminyaka eminingi.

Amaphakheji nemitapo yolwazi ye-MicroPython yamabhodi ahambisana ne-Arduino

Enye yezinto eziqine kakhulu ze-MicroPython kumabhodi ekilasi le-Arduino uhlelo olukhulayo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zabashayeli behadiwe kanye nemitapo yolwazi yosizoUmphakathi we-MicroPython ugcina i- Inkomba Yephakheji ye-MicroPython obala amamojula angasetshenziswa kabusha angafakwa noma akopishwe emabhodini asekelwayo, kufaka phakathi amaningi anokuqinisekiswa okucacile emikhiqizweni ye-Arduino.

Iziqondiso zomnikelo zalolu hlu zichaza indlela yokuthumela amaphakheji amasha, ukuwabhala phansi kahle bese uwamaka ngezici ezifaneleLokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma usesha inzwa noma isibonisi, ungathola ngokushesha umshayeli owaziwayo ukuthi usebenza namachweba athile e-microcontroller noma ngisho namabhodi athile e-Arduino.

Phakathi kwemitapo yolwazi etholakalayo, eminye inikezelwe ngqo kwihadiwe ye-Arduino, kanti eminye iyizishayeli ezijwayelekile ezisebenza kahle kumabhodi anegama le-Arduino.Isibonelo, kukhona Umtapo wolwazi we-MicroPython ukulawula i-Arduino Modulinos, okuyizengezo ze-modular ezihlanganiswa kahle nehadiwe ye-Arduino. Elinye iphakheji eliphawulekayo yi- Umtapo wolwazi we-MicroPython we-Arduino Nicla Sense Env, igxile emakhonweni okuzwa imvelo alelo bhodi.

Kukhona futhi umsizi ovelele owenza kube lula ukubhala ikhodi usebenzisa amaphethini esitayela se-Arduino njenge-setup/loop kanye nama-API ajwayelekile ngenkathi uhlala ku-MicroPython.. Le phakheji ihlanganisa ngempumelelo igebe lomqondo phakathi kwamamojula “e-Arduino sketches” kanye ne-Python, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bagcine inkumbulo yemisipha njengokushaya ucingo idijithaliBhala ngenkathi empeleni isebenzisa isikhathi sokusebenza se-MicroPython kanye ne-REPL.

Ngaphandle kwalawo malabhulali anongiwe yi-Arduino, i-ecosystem iqukethe uhlu olude lwezinzwa, ukubonisa, isitoreji kanye nezishayeli zezinsiza ezisekela i-MicroPython kuma-MCU namabhodi avamile.Eziningi zalezi zihlolwe emabhodini afana nalawa i-arduino:esp32:nano_nora, ahlukahlukene esp32s3 amadivayisi, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu i-mbed_portenta izinhlobo. Amanothi okuqinisekisa avame ukucacisa inguqulo ye-MicroPython kanye ne-ID yebhodi esetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke uyazi ukuthi umtapo wolwazi awuyona into engokwemfundiso.

Abashayeli be-MicroPython abaphawulekayo kanye nezinsiza ongazisebenzisa

I-MicroPython Package Index ibamba iqoqo elicebile labashayeli abahlanganisa izinzwa zemvelo, abalawuli bokubonisa, izandisi ze-IO, isitoreji, izinqubo zokuxhumana nokuningi.Uma wakha amaphrojekthi ngamabhodi e-Arduino ahambisanayo, amathuba aphezulu okuthi kukhona umshayeli olungele ukusetshenziswa wehadiwe oyifunayo.

Izinzwa zemvelo negesi zimelelwe kahleUzothola umshayeli we-MicroPython we- I-BME280 inzwa (evame ukubhekiselwa kumadivayisi e-Pycom njengethagethi) kanye nenye ye- I-BME680 ukuhlukana, ukuxhumana NGILaba bashayeli baphatha izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi kanye nokufundwa kwegesi, okukuvumela ukuthi uxhume ibhodi elifana ne-Nano ESP32 noma i-Nano RP2040 Xhuma kuzinzwa zemvelo ezinemigqa embalwa ye-Python.

Ukulawula ukubonisa kuhlanganiswe kahle ngokulinganayoKukhona abashayeli be-Python be- I-Holtek HT16K33 isilawuli, esinika amandla amadivayisi afana ne-Adafruit 0.8 intshi 8×16 LED Matrix FeatherWing noma ezinye izibonisi ze-Raspberry Pi Pico. Laba bashayeli basekela kokubili I-CircuitPython futhi IMicrosoftPython nge-I²C, okwenza kube lula futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha kuzo zonke izindawo zemvelo. Uthola futhi abashayeli be-MicroPython bezilawuli zokubonisa ezifana SH1106 futhi SH1107, esetshenziswa kumaphaneli ahlukahlukene e-OLED, kanye namaphakheji e- I-HD44780Ama-LCD asekelwe kuzinhlamvu (amamodeli angu-1602 no-2004) aqhutshwa phezu kwe-I²C.

Ukuze kuguqulwe i-analog ibe yidijithali kanye nokwandiswa kwe-IO, kutholakala amaphakheji amaningana aqinileKukhona umshayeli we-MicroPython we- I-ADS1x15 uchungechunge lwama-ADC, asetshenziswa kabanzi ukwengeza okokufaka kwe-analog okunesisombululo esiphezulu. Omunye umtapo wolwazi usekela I-MCP23017 I-Expander ye-I/O engu-16 bit ene-interface ye-I2C, ekuvumela ukuthi wandise kakhulu inani lamaphini edijithali ibhodi lakho lekilasi le-Arduino eliwavezayo, konke kulawulwa kusuka ku-MicroPython.

Amaphakheji ahlukahlukene omshayeli we-LED amboza impendulo ebonakalayo kanye nezibonisiUzothola umtapo wezincwadi we-MicroPython we- MAX7219 Umshayeli we-matrix we-LED ongu-8×8 osebenzisa i-SPI kanye ne-frame buffer, kanye nomshayeli we- izibonisi ze-LED zezingxenye ezi-quad 7 ngokusekelwe ku I-TM1637 i-chip. Kukhona nomtapo wolwazi we- Amagrafu ebha ye-LED ayizingxenye ezingu-10 besebenzisa i MY9221 umshayeli, kanye namamojula ahlukene e-MicroPython ama-LED aphathwayo njenge I-WS2812B futhi SK6812 (ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-neopixels) ku-Raspberry Pi Pico. Konke lokhu kuhambisana kahle namabhodi anophawu lwe-Arduino abelana ngemindeni efanayo ye-MCU.

Amawashi esikhathi sangempela kanye namacala okusetshenziswa kokugcinwa kwedatha kusekelwa ngamamojula azinikeleUmshayeli oyedwa uhlose i- I-DS3231 RTC ihlanganiswe ne-AT24C32 EEPROM, okwenza kube lula ukugcina isikhathi esinembile kanye nokucushwa kwesitolo noma amalogi amancane kuyo yonke imijikelezo yamandla. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezici ze-SDCard kanye ne-microSD ezitholakala kuma-port athile, ungahlanganisa ukusethwa kokufakwa kwedatha okungathi sína usebenzisa izikripthi ze-MicroPython kuphela.

Ukuzwa kwezinga lokushisa okungathintani kanye nokufakwa kwe-capacitive nakho kulula ngenxa yabashayeli abagxileKukhona umtapo wolwazi we-MicroPython we- I-Melexis MLX90614 Inzwa yokushisa ye-IR, evumela ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa okude, kanye nenye ye- I-MPR121 Ikhiphedi yokuthinta ekwazi ukudlulisa amehlo kanye namabhodi okuvula, awusizo kuma-interface abasebenzisi asekelwe ekuthinteni. Womabili ahlangana kahle phezu kwe-I²C futhi angasetshenziswa namabhodi e-MicroPython ahambisana ne-Arduino.

Ngehadiwe ehlobene ne-biometric nomsindo, uzothola amachweba e-MicroPython akhethekileKukhona iphakheji ye- MAX30102 inzwa, imodyuli ethandwayo ye-pulse oximeter/isilinganiso senhliziyo eyayisekelwa ekuqaleni ngumshayeli we-SparkFun, manje eseyilungiselelwe i-MicroPython. Amamojula okudlala umsindo ambozwe yi- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MicroPython kokulawula kwe-DFPlayer phezu kwe-UART, okwenza ukudlala i-MP3 kufinyeleleke kalula ngaphandle kwekhodi enzima.

Amadivayisi okufaka isikhathi, ukunyakaza kanye nokufaka athola ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuqinile. Umshayeli we-MicroPython we izishumeki ezijikelezayo isebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-GPIO kanye nokususa umsindo ukuze inikeze ukufundwa okunembile, okungenaso i-jittery emabhodini afana ne-Pyboard, i-Raspberry Pi Pico, i-ESP8266 kanye ne-ESP32. Ukulawulwa kwe-Servo ku-Raspberry Pi Pico kubhekwa ngabashayeli abasebenzisa I-PDM (Ukuguqulwa Kobuningi Be-Pulse) noma ama-wrapper alula asekelwe ku-PWM, futhi kunezigaba ezincane zosizo ezigxile kuzo ukulawula ama-servo angu-9g kusuka ku-MicroPython.

Ukuxhumana kwe-infrared kuphathwa ngabashayeli ababili abangavimbeli abamukelayo kanye nama-blaster. Umtapo wolwazi owodwa ugxile ekwamukeleni amakhodi okulawula kude e-IR, kanti omunye uphatha ukudluliselwa kwe-IR kwezinhlelo zokusebenza "ze-blaster". Zombili zenzelwe ukusebenza okungavimbeli ukuze zisebenze kahle kanye neminye imisebenzi ye-MicroPython.

Ukuze kuphrintwe ngokushisa kanye nokukhipha kokubonisa, kutholakala ichweba le-MicroPython lomtapo wezincwadi we-Adafruit's Python Thermal Printer.. Le phakheji ikuvumela ukuthi ushayele amaphrinta okuthola amarisidi okushisa kusuka kumabhodi afana ne-ESP32 noma i-RP2040, futhi usebenzisa i-MicroPython njengendawo yokulawula.

Ngaphandle kwabashayeli behadiwe, kunezinsiza ezenza amaphrojekthi e-IoT asebenzisa i-Arduino abe lula kakhulu. Okuvelele kakhulu yi- Iklayenti le-Python le-Arduino IoT Cloud esebenza kokubili ku-CPython kanye ne-MicroPython. Leli phakheji, elibanjwe ku-GitHub ngaphansi kwenhlangano ye-Arduino futhi elinelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-Mozilla Public License 2.0, livumela amadivayisi e-MicroPython ukuthi axhumeke ku-Arduino IoT Cloud ukuze athole i-telemetry, amadeshibhodi kanye nokulawula okude. Kuqinisekisiwe ku- i-arduino:mbed_portenta:envie_m7 ipulatifomu esebenzisa i-MicroPython, okubonisa ukuthi amabhodi e-Arduino aphezulu angahlanganiswa kalula nezinsizakalo zamafu ze-Arduino kusukela esikhathini sokusebenza se-Python.

Amanye amalabhulali okubonisa nokufaka aklanywe ekuqaleni ngokuhambisana nokunambitheka kwe-Pycom kwe-MicroPython kodwa asasebenza kahle kumabhodi amaningi ekilasi le-Arduino.Isibonelo, kukhona iphakheji yesikrini somlingiswa we-I2C LCD eyenzelwe i-Pycom, kanye ne-MicroPython port ye i-ucPack umtapo wolwazi, womabili angasetshenziswa kabusha noma alungiswe kwamanye amachweba e-MicroPython lapho ukucushwa kwebhasi nephini okuyisisekelo kufana.

Kungani i-MicroPython kuhadiwe yeklasi ye-Arduino ikufanele ukuhlolwa

Uma uhlanganisa umuzwa we-MicroPython onamandla, osezingeni eliphezulu nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zehadiwe ehambisana ne-Arduino, uthola ipulatifomu yokwenza amaphrothokholi eguquguqukayo kakhulu.Esikhundleni sokuphinda uhlanganise imidwebo njalo, ungaphinda uhlele ngokusebenzisana: vula i-REPL, upoke amaphini, ufunde izinzwa, ulungise i-logic bese ubona impendulo esheshayo. Lokho kukodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi okuzilibazisa, ama-demo asheshayo noma ngisho nama-prototypes ochwepheshe.

I-ecosystem yamaphakheji e-MicroPython, ngokusekelwa okucacile nokuqinisekiswa kumabhodi e-Arduino, kusho ukuthi akudingeki uqale kusukela ekuqaleni ngamarejista angahluziwe noma abashayeli be-C abayinkimbinkimbi.. Imitapo yolwazi yezinzwa ezifana ne-BME280/BME680, izibonisi ezisebenza nge-HT16K33, SH1106 noma i-HD44780, izandisi ze-IO ezifana ne-MCP23017, kanye nezingcezu zengqalasizinda ezifana namakhasimende e-ModBus TCP/RTU kanye nama-host konke kukusiza ukuthi ume emahlombe omphakathi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yonke ye-Arduino inikela ngokuhlanganiswa kwamafu kanye nemiklamo yebhodi eklanywe kahle. Abazinikele Iklayenti le-Arduino IoT Cloud Python iyisibonelo esihle sendlela lezi zindawo ezimbili zemvelo ezihlangana ngayo: ungabhala ikhodi ye-MicroPython ebhodini lekilasi le-Portenta, kodwa usebenzise amadeshibhodi e-Arduino kanye namathuluzi e-IoT. Amabhodi aphezulu njenge-Giga noma i-Portenta H7 aletha ama-MCU amabili ayisisekelo, i-Ethernet, i-WiFi, i-BLE, i-USB C nokuningi ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, konke okungasetshenziswa kusuka ku-firmware ye-MicroPython.

Kunjalo, kukhona ukuhwebelanaEzinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphansi ezibucayi zingase zibhalwe kangcono ku-C/C++ njengemidwebo yakudala ye-Arduino, futhi amabhodi anezinsiza eziningi njenge-Uno yokuqala awafaneleki kwi-MicroPython. Kodwa esigabeni esikhulu samaphrojekthi ahilela izinzwa, izibonisi, ukuxhumana kanye nezidingo zesikhathi sangempela eziphakathi, i-MicroPython kuhadiwe ye-Arduino ehambisanayo iyinhlanganisela esheshayo, efinyelelekayo futhi enamandla ngokumangazayo.

Kunoma ubani ovela kwi-Python ejwayelekile, ukuthuthela kwi-MicroPython kumabhodi e-Arduino anamuhla afana ne-ESP32 Nanos, RP2040 Connect, noma amadivayisi e-Portenta kunikeza ukungena okubushelelezi ekuthuthukisweni okuhlanganisiwe ngenkathi usebenzisa amakhono akho olimi kabusha, usebenzisa inkomba yephakheji ecebile, futhi usebenzisa ihadiwe eqinile, ebhalwe kahle eyenza i-Arduino yathandwa kangaka kwasekuqaleni..

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