I-Python yezinombolo: Izinhlobo, Amamojula kanye Nokusetshenziswa Okusebenzayo

Ikhaya » Python » I-Python yezinombolo: Izinhlobo, Amamojula kanye Nokusetshenziswa Okusebenzayo

Ukusebenza ngezinombolo kuyisisekelo sezinhlelo eziningi zePython, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha iskripthi esilula, uqoqa idatha yesayensi noma wenza i-algorithm ibe yisibonelo. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-Python imelela futhi ilawula kanjani amanani ezinombolo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokubhala ikhodi ethembekile nephumelelayo eziphatha ngendlela oyilindele.

Uma abantu bekhuluma nge-“numeric Python” bavame ukusho izinto ezimbili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zezinombolo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi namathuluzi omtapo wolwazi ajwayelekile afana math, cmath, decimal, random futhi numbersngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olubanzi lwe-ecosystem oluzungeze ukubalwa kwezinombolo, olunemitapo yolwazi efana ne-NumPy eyandisa ulimi ngezinhlobo ezengeziwe zezinombolo kanye nemisebenzi ye-vectorized. Lo mhlahlandlela ukukuqondisa kuleso sisekelo ngokuningiliziwe, kusukela ezinhlotsheni eziyisisekelo kuya ezifinyezweni ezithuthukisiwe.

Izinhlobo zezinombolo eziyinhloko ku-Python

I-Python ichaza izigaba eziningana zezinombolo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezimboza izidingo eziningi zansuku zonke: izinombolo eziphelele zezinombolo eziphelele, izinombolo zamaphoyinti antantayo zamanani angempela anamadesimali, izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamanani anezingxenye zangempela nezicatshangelwayo, kanye nohlobo olukhethekile lwe-Boolean oluziphatha njengelungu lomndeni elincane kakhulu le-integer. Zonke zihlangana kahle nabaqhubi bezibalo be-Python.

Izinombolo eziphelele (int) zimele izinombolo eziphelele, ezinhle noma ezimbi, ngaphandle kwephuzu ledesimaliAkukho mkhawulo ophezulu oqinile kusayizi wabo ku-Python ejwayelekile; uma nje unememori, inombolo yakho ephelele ingakhula. Amanani afana 1, -5 or 20234567890123456789 konke kuyasebenza int izimo, futhi ungakuqinisekisa lokho nge type(1) or type(-5), okuzobuya <class 'int'>.

Izinombolo zamaphuzu antantayo (float) zisetshenziselwa izinombolo zangempela ezinengxenye eyingxenyeZibhalwe ngephuzu ledesimali, njengokuthi 2.0, -7.823457 or 0.5, noma ngenothi yesayensi efana 1e8 (okusho ukuthi 100,000,000). Uma wenza imisebenzi efana nokuhlukanisa, ngisho naphakathi kwezinombolo eziphelele, i-Python ivame ukukhuthaza umphumela ube yi- float; Ngokwesibonelo, 9 / 2 isivuno 4.5, Futhi type(4.5) is <class 'float'>.

Izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi (complex) hlanganisa ingxenye yangempela kanye nengxenye ecatshangelwayo, ebhalwe ngokulandelana j kweyunithi ecatshangelwayo. Inani elifana 2 + 3j inengxenye yangempela 2 kanye nengxenye engokomfanekiso 3. Ungazakha ngqo (isib. 3.14j) bese uzihlola ngezimfanelo ezifana nokuthi .real futhi .imag, noma shayela .conjugate() ukuthola i-conjugate eyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zithandwa kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela, ekucutshungulweni kwesignali kanye nokubala kwesayensi.

Ama-Boolean (bool) nazo ziyizinombolo zobuchwepheshe, ngoba True futhi False ziphathe njengezinombolo eziphelele 1 no-0 kuzincazelo zezibalo. Isibonelo, True + 2 ihlola ku- 3Ngaphakathi, bool iyisigaba esincane se int, yingakho amanani e-boolean ehlangana kalula ekubaleni nasekuqhathaniseni.

I-Python ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise ngokukhululekile lezi zinhlobo zezinombolo ezinhlotsheni zokubonisa, ukukhuthaza kube uhlobo olujwayelekile uma kudingeka. Ukwengeza i- int kuya ku float kuveza float, futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-floats nezinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi kukhiqiza umphumela oyinkimbinkimbi: izinkulumo ezifana nokuthi 1 + 1.0, 2.0 + (3 + 5j) or 6 / (5 + 8j) bonke basebenza ngaphandle komcimbi owengeziwe.

Abaqhubi bezibalo kanye nokuziphatha kokuhlukanisa

Uma usunamanani ezinombolo, usebenzisa opharetha bezibalo abavamile ukuze usebenze nabo: ukwengeza (+), ukususa (-), ukuphindaphinda (*), ukuhlukana (/), ukuhlukaniswa kwephansi (//), ukuchazwa (**) kanye ne-modulo (%). I-Python isebenzisa lokhu kuzo zonke izinombolo eziphelele, ama-floats kanye nezinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi, yenza ukukhushulwa kohlobo njengoba kudingeka.

Ukwahlukaniswa kuyindawo lapho ukwakheka kwePython kwenziwa khona ngamabomu kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa / njalo kuveza umphumela wephuzu elintantayo lapho zombili izimpikiswano ziyizinombolo, noma ngabe zombili ziyizinombolo eziphelele. Ngakho-ke 9 / 2 umphumela 4.5, hhayi 4Lokhu kukukhuthaza ukuthi ucabange ngokwehlukana kwezinombolo zangempela ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvame ukuba yilokho okufunayo ekubalweni kwesayensi noma kwezezimali.

Uma udinga ukwahlukaniswa kwenani eliphelele okulahla ingxenye eyingxenye, usebenzisa i-opharetha yokwahlukaniswa kwephansi //. Ngokwesibonelo, 9 // 2 kukhiqiza 4, Futhi -9 // 2 isivuno -5, njengoba umphumela uphansi (ufinyelelwe phansi uye ekungapheli okungekuhle). Ngaphezu kwalokho, divmod(a, b) ikunikeza kokubili isilinganiso kanye nesilinganiso esisele ngesikhathi esisodwa, ibuyisela ipheya elibonisa (a // b, a % b).

Ngemva kwezigcawu, i-Python ihlela ngokucophelela ukuthi ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kwezinombolo kuhlangana kanjaniIphethini yangaphakathi ongayibona kulabhulali ejwayelekile ingumqondo "wokuhlehla kwe-opharetha": imisebenzi eqala ngokuzama ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluthile, isibonelo ngezinombolo ezinengqondo, bese ibuyela emuva ku-opharetha abakhelwe ngaphakathi lapho i-operand eyodwa ijwayelekile int, float or complexYilokhu okuvumela izinhlobo zezinombolo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuthi zisebenzisane nohlelo lwezibalo lwePython zisebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ezifana __add__ futhi __radd__.

Ikhodi yomtapo wolwazi wezibalo ezinengqondo, njenge Fraction uhlobo, luchaza leli qhinga ngokucacileUma ungeza okubili Fraction ezimweni, ibala ingxenye entsha ngokuphindaphinda izinombolo kanye nama-denominator. Uma ungeza i- Fraction kunombolo ephelele noma isibonelo se- numbers.Rational, isebenzisa i-algorithm enembile enengqondo. Uma enye i-operand iyi- float or complex, izoguqukela kulolo hlobo olubanzi futhi inikezele kubasebenzi abajwayelekile, igcine ukuziphatha kuvumelana futhi kunembile.

Imisebenzi yezinombolo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi

Ngaphandle kwama-operators aluhlaza, i-Python ithumela ngesethi yemisebenzi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi eyaziyo ukuphatha izinombolo. Le misebenzi ihlala itholakala ngaphandle kokungenisa noma yini futhi isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinombolo ezijwayelekile, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ezifanele.

abs(x) ibuyisela inani eliphelele lempikiswano yayo, okwenza izinombolo ezingezinhle zibe zinhle futhi kushiye amanani amahle engashintshiwe. Uma udlula entweni echazayo __abs__(), I-Python izodlulisela kuleyo ndlela. Ngezinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi, abs() ibuyisela ubukhulu (ibanga ukusuka endaweni ekhona endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi).

round(x, ndigits) ikunikeza inani elizungezwe enanini elinikeziwe lezindawo zamadesimali. Uma ndigits kushiywe noma None, ibuyisa inombolo ephelele eseduze. Ngokungafani nomthetho wencwadi yesikole othi “round half up”, iPython eyakhelwe ngaphakathi round isebenzisa isu "lokulinganisa isigamu kuya kwesigamu" lobudlelwano ukuze kuncishiswe ukucwaswa kwezibalo ekubaleni okuphindaphindiwe.

Imisebenzi yokuguqula efana int() futhi float() yakha izinombolo ezivela kwezinye izinto. Ukubiza int(x) ku-float ulahla ingxenye eyingxenye (isibonelo, int(1.9) is 1), Futhi float(x) ikhiqiza ukumelwa kwephuzu elintantayo kusuka kuzinombolo eziphelele, izintambo noma izinto ezihambisanayo. Uma uguqula kusuka ku-float uye ku-int, akukho ukuzungeza okwenzekayo; ingxenye yedesimali imane ifinyeziwe.

Ezinye izakhi zisebenza ngezindima zokumelela kanye nokuhlanganisa. Imisebenzi efana hex() futhi oct() buyisela ukumelwa kwentambo kwezinombolo eziphelele ku-hexadecimal noma i-octal ngeziqalo ezifanele (0x futhi 0o). Abasizi bokuhlanganisa abafana max() futhi min() skena okuphindaphindwayo noma uchungechunge lwezimpikiswano ukuthola inani elikhulu noma elincane kakhulu, ngenkathi pow() futhi ** amandla okusebenzisa i-opharetha ukubala futhi ngokuzithandela wamukele impikiswano yesithathu yokuchazwa kwe-modular.

Amathuluzi ezinombolo athuthukisiwe: izibalo, i-cmath kanye nedesimali

Ukuze uthole izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, i-Python inikeza amamojula ajwayelekile omtapo wolwazi azinikele esikhundleni sokukhungathekisa ulimi oluyinhloko. Okubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wezinombolo yilezi math, cmath futhi decimal, ngayinye ihlose isethi ethile yezinkinga.

The math imodyuli igxile kwizibalo zamaphuzu antantayo ezibaluleke kakhuluNgemva kokuyifaka nge import math, uthola ukufinyelela kumisebenzi kanye nama-constant avame ukudingeka kubunjiniyela, i-physics kanye nokuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke, konke kusetshenziswe ngekhodi ye-C esebenza kahle futhi kusebenza ku float amanani.

math kufaka phakathi amathuluzi e-theory kanye nokumelela izinombolo njenge math.ceil() ukuze kufinyelelwe kunombolo ephelele eseduze, math.floor() ukuze kufinyelelwe phansi, math.modf() ukuhlukanisa i-float ibe izingxenye eziyingxenye kanye neziphelele, kanye math.frexp() / math.ldexp() ukusebenza ngokumelwa kwangaphakathi kwe-binary. Iphinde inikeze amandla kanye nezinqubo ze-logarithmic ezifana math.exp(), math.log(), math.log10(), math.pow() futhi math.sqrt(), kanye nemisebenzi ye-trigonometric kanye ne-hyperbolic efana ne- math.sin(), math.cos(), math.tan(), math.asin(), math.acos(), math.atan(), math.atan2(), math.sinh(), math.cosh() futhi math.tanh().

Ukuze kube lula, math ukuthumela ngaphandle izinto eziyisisekelo ezifana math.pi futhi math.eLokhu kuyasiza noma nini lapho ubala izindawo, ama-engeli noma ukukhula kwe-exponential futhi ufuna amanani ahambisanayo ngokunemba okuhle kuzo zonke isisekelo sakho sekhodi.

Uma udinga ukusebenza ngezinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi, cmath imodyuli idlala indima efanayo yendiza eyinkimbinkimbi. Izibuko zayo ze-API math kodwa isebenzisa izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibuyisa imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze ukwazi ukubala imisebenzi ye-exponential eyinkimbinkimbi, ama-logarithm kanye ne-trigonometric ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izinombolo ngesandla zibe izingxenye zangempela nezingokomfanekiso.

The decimal imodyuli ihlose iphuzu elihlukile lobuhlungu: izibalo eziqondile zesisekelo se-10Iphuzu elijwayelekile elintantayo le-binary alikwazi ukumela izingxenyana eziningi zedesimali ngokunembile, ngakho-ke izibalo ezifana 0.1 + 0.2 kuveze umphumela ongemuhle kangako. decimal.Decimal iyakugwema lokhu ngokusebenzisa izibalo zesisekelo sokunemba okungahleliwe‑10, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimali nanoma yikuphi lapho kufanele ulawule khona ukuziphatha kokujikeleza ngokuqinile.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imisebenzi ye-Python ye-floating point ilandela ukuziphatha kwe-IEEE‑754 futhi isebenzisa ukumelwa kwe-base‑2Uma inani liphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinombolo ezimbili ezimelekayo, kusetshenziswa "isigamu esiyindilinga kuya even", okusho ukuthi ingxenye yezibopho igoqwe phansi bese isigamu siyigoqwe phezulu. Lokhu kugwema ukuzulazula okuhlelekile ekubaleni okukhulu. Uma ufuna ama-semantics ezentengiselwano "esigamu esiyindilinga phezulu", ungalungiselela decimal umongo wokusetshenziswa ROUND_HALF_UP, okuhlala kudonsela amanani angu-.5 kude no-zero.

Ukusebenza ngezinhlobo zezinombolo ngokuzijwayeza

Ukuhlola ukuthi izinombolo ziziphatha kanjani ngendlela exhumanayo kuyindlela enhle yokwakha umuzwa wokuqonda. Sebenzisa umhumushi we-Python bese udala ingxube yezinombolo eziphelele, ama-floats kanye namanani ayinkimbinkimbi, bese uzama imisebenzi eyisisekelo kuzo. Ukwengeza nokuphindaphinda kulula, kodwa kuyafundisa kakhulu ukuzama ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa phansi, ukuzungeza kanye nokuguqulwa, ubukele ukuthi uhlobo lomphumela lushintsha kanjani.

Ukuguqula phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinombolo ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kuhambisane nokulindelwe yi-API noma ukuze kube lula ukuqondaUma une-float futhi ufuna ingxenye yayo yenombolo ephelele, yinikeze ku-variable efana my_float = 1.9 bese ushayela ucingo my_int = int(my_float)Ukuphrinta my_int unikeza 1, Futhi type(my_int) kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyinto intKhumbula ukuthi ingxenye eyingxenye ilahliwe kunokuba ibe yindilinga.

Isiqondiso esiphambene—ukukhushulelwa kohlobo olujwayelekile—ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokungaqondileUma wengeza inombolo ephelele kanye ne-float, i-Python ibuyisela i-float ngaphandle kokubuza, njengoba uhlelo lwenombolo yangempela luqukethe izinombolo eziphelele. Ukukhushulwa okufanayo kwenzeka uma uhlanganisa i-float kanye nenombolo eyinkimbinkimbi: inani lephuzu elintantayo liphathwa njengeliyingxenye engokomfanekiso ka-zero, futhi umphumela uba yinkimbinkimbi.

Izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zifaka phakathi izinto ezimbalwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezenza zizizwe zingokwemveloUngahlola ngqo a.real futhi a.imag ukuze uthole izingxenye, shayela ucingo a.conjugate() ukuguqula uphawu lwengxenye ecatshangelwayo, bese uludlulisela emisebenzini cmath ngaphandle kokuguqulwa ngesandla. Ngisho noma ungazisebenzisi kaningi, ukwazi ukuthi zikhona nokuthi ziziphatha kanjani kuyasiza uma uhlangabezana nekhodi yesayensi.

Ukunemba nokunemba kuhlale kubalulekile lapho usebenza ngedatha yamaphuzu antantayo. Ukunemba okusebenzayo kwe-Python ejwayelekile float cishe izinombolo zedesimali eziyi-15; ngale kwalokho, inombolo ye-16 ingaba engathembekile. Emisebenzini eminingi, lokhu kuyamukeleka ngokuphelele, kodwa uma udinga izibalo zedesimali eziqondile noma ukuzungeza okubikezelwayo, decimal imojuli ikunikeza ukulawula okudingayo ngezindleko zokusebenza okuthile.

Izinombolo ezingahleliwe kanye namanani ezinombolo akhethekile

Ukukhiqiza izinombolo ezingahleliwe kungomunye umsebenzi ojwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwezinombolo zePython, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha imidlalo elula, usebenzisa ukulingisa kweMonte Carlo noma ubhala amacala okuhlola asebenzisa izimo zomkhawulo. Umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile random Imodyuli inikeza izisekelo zezimo ezinjalo.

random.randint(a, b) ikhiqiza inombolo ephelele engahleliwe phakathi a futhi b, okubandakanyaLokhu kwenza kube lula ukulingisa ama-dace roll noma ukukhetha ama-random indices ohlwini. Kumanani e-floating point, imisebenzi efana random.random() kanye nabasizi abahlobene bakhiqiza izinombolo ezingahleliwe ezifanayo kumabanga afana no-[0.0, 1.0), alungele ukukalwa noma ukuguqulwa ukuze kusatshalaliswe okuthile.

I-Python iphinde iveze amanani ambalwa ezinombolo amelela amanani angajwayelekile noma "edge case". Elinye yi-NaN (“Akuyona Inombolo”), etholakala ngokwesibonelo ngokufona float('nan')I-NaN ikhombisa imiphumela engachazwanga noma engameleleki, njengomphumela wokuhlukanisa u-zero ngo-zero noma ukuhlaziya insimu yezinombolo eyonakele kusuka kudatha yokufaka.

Ngaphezu kwe-NaN, i-Python isekela ukungapheli okuhle nokubi, yakhiwe kusetshenziswa float('inf') futhi float('-inf')Lokhu kuwusizo njengamanani e-sentinel lapho kuqaliswa iziguquguquko zama-algorithms afuna amanani amancane noma aphezulu, noma lapho kwenziwa amamodeli amabanga angenamkhawulo ngezindlela zezinombolo.

Ukusebenza nama-NaN kudinga ukucophelela okukhethekile ngoba awaziphathi njengezinombolo ezijwayelekileUkuqhathanisa okubandakanya i-NaN kuhlala kungamanga (ngisho nan == nan), kanye nezibalo nge-NaN zivame ukusabalalisa i-NaN ngomphumela. Nakuba lo mhlahlandlela ungangeni shí ezinhlotsheni ze-NaN, ukuqaphela izici zazo ezingavamile kukusiza ukuthi ulungise amapayipi edatha kanye nama-algorithms ezinombolo ngempumelelo enkulu.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinombolo okungaqondakali ngemojuli yezinombolo

Njengoba ikhodi yakho iba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ungase udinge indlela eguquguqukayo yokubona amanani "ezinombolo" ngaphandle kokuhlola ngesandla zonke izinhlobo zekhonkrithi (njenge int, float, complex kanye ne-NumPy scalars). Yilapho numbers Imodyuli ingena, inikeza uhlu olungabonakali lwezinhlobo zezinombolo.

The numbers imojuli ichaza amakilasi esisekelo angabonakali (ama-ABC) achaza ukuziphatha kwezinombolo, njenge Number, Complex, Real, Rational futhi Integral. Lawa makilasi awahloselwe ukuqaliswa ngokuqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, izinhlobo zezinombolo eziqondile zizuza kuzo ukuze zibonise ukuthi zisebenzisa imisebenzi nezakhiwo ezidingekayo.

I-ABC evamile kakhulu yi- numbers.Number, emelela "noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinombolo"Uma ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi i-variable kufanele iphathwe njengenombolo—mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha noma lapho ubhala izikripthi ezincane zezinsiza—ungahlanganisa isinstance ngale ABC. Isibonelo, isinstance(x, Number) ubuyela True ngezinhlobo zezinombolo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezinombolo zangaphandle, njengezikali ezahlukahlukene ze-NumPy.

Umfanekiso osebenzayo usebenzisa izinhlobo ze-NumPy eceleni kwezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-PythonUma ungenisa i-NumPy njenge np bese udlula amanani afana nalawa 1, 1., -0.2, 1e8, np.int64(1), np.int0(10), np.int16(2), np.float64(10), np.complex64(10) futhi np.int32(89), ukubiza isinstance(value, Number) ngayinye, uzobona ukuthi zonke zibalwa njengezinombolo. Lokhu kukusindisa ekubhaleni uchungechunge olude lokuhlola uhlobo lwekilasi ngalinye elithile.

Kuyajabulisa ukuthi isinstance ngokwayo ibhekwa njengekhodi "yephunga" uma isetshenziswa ngokweqile. Ukuthembela ngokweqile ekuhlolweni kohlobo oluthile kungabonisa izinkinga ezijulile zokuklama ohlelweni olugxile ezintweni. Lokho kusho, ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha ngokushesha, izikripthi zokuhlola noma izinsiza ezincane, ukuhlola ngokumelene numbers.Number iyithuluzi elinamandla nelisebenzayo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguquguquko zakho ziziphatha njengezinombolo ngempela.

Izindawo zemvelo zezinombolo ezinwetshiwe: I-NumPy nezinhlobo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso

Nakuba i-core Python iveza isethi encane kuphela yezinhlobo zezinombolo ezijwayelekile, uhlelo olubanzi lwe-ecosystem lwandisa kakhulu izinketho zakhoI-NumPy, ikakhulukazi, yethula ukunambitheka okuningi kwezinombolo okwenzelwe ukubala okuphumelelayo phezu kwama-array amakhulu nama-matrices.

I-NumPy ichaza izinhlobo zezinombolo eziphelele ezinobubanzi obungaguquki ezifana numpy.int64, numpy.int32, numpy.int16 kanye namagama akhethekile afana nalawa numpy.int0Lokhu kufana nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezitholakala ezilimini ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezisekelwe ezinomboloni njengeFortran kanye ne-C, lapho ukwazi usayizi oqondile wesitoreji kanye nokuziphatha kwezinombolo zakho kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzisaneni.

Ngaphezu kwezinombolo eziphelele, i-NumPy inikeza izinhlobo ezifana numpy.float64 futhi numpy.complex64, kanye nezinye eziningi, ezihlanganiswa kahle nama-array kanye nama-ufunc (imisebenzi yendawo yonke). Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukubhaliswa njengezibonelo zama-ABC afanele avela ku- numbers imodyuli, yingakho kuhlolwa ngokumelene numbers.Number umsebenzi njengoba kuboniswe ngaphambili.

Umklamo wePython ngamabomu ugcine imodeli yezinombolo eyinhloko ilula futhi ifinyeleleka kalulaEsikhundleni sokuphoqa wonke umsebenzisi ukuthi aphathe izinhlobo eziningi zezinombolo ezihlukile, igxila ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezinombolo eziyisisekelo (kanye nama-boolean), kuyilapho yenza kube lula ngamalabhulali akhethekile ukwandisa lo mbhalo njengoba kudingeka. Indawo egxile kubunjiniyela, njengaleyo eyakhiwe yinkampani yesofthiwe yokulingisa, ngokwemvelo izoncika kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo ezinwetshiwe kanye namalabhulali.

Uma wakha amakilasi akho ezinombolo, ulandela amaphethini avela ku- numbers futhi fractions kukusiza ukuthi ungene ohlelweni lwe-ecosystemNgokuhlukanisa i-ABC efanele kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ezidingekayo (__add__, __radd__, __mul__, njalo njalo), izinhlobo zakho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingasebenzisana ngokwemvelo nabaqhubi bePython, imisebenzi yezinombolo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye neminye imitapo yolwazi yezinombolo.

Sekukonke, i-Python yezinombolo ihlanganisa uhlelo lohlobo oluhlanzekile, amamojula omtapo wolwazi ajwayelekile anamandla kanye ne-ecosystem ecebile yemitapo yolwazi njenge-NumPy, ukudala indawo lapho ungahamba khona ngokunethezeka kusuka ekubalweni okulula kuya ekubalweni kobunjiniyela okuthuthukisiwe. Uma usuqonda ukuthi izinombolo eziphelele, ama-floats, izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amanani akhethekile, imithetho yokuzungeza kanye namakilasi ezinombolo angabonakali konke kuhlangana kanjani, ungacabanga ngokuzethemba ngekhodi yakho, ugweme amaphutha amancane futhi ukhethe amathuluzi afanele womsebenzi ngamunye wezinombolo ohlangana nawo.