I-Linux Kernel 7.0-rc1 ifika igcwele ukwesekwa kwehadiwe kanye nomsebenzi wokusebenza

Ikhaya » Python » I-Linux Kernel 7.0-rc1 ifika igcwele ukwesekwa kwehadiwe kanye nomsebenzi wokusebenza

Uhlelo lwe-Linux lungena esigabeni esisha ngokufika kwe I-Linux kernel 7.0-rc1, ukhetho lokuqala lokukhishwa kochungechunge olukhulu olulandelayo. Ngisho noma ukweqa kusuka ku-6.x kuya ku-7.0, njengoba uLinus Torvalds ngokwakhe evuma, ikakhulukazi kuyindaba yokugcina izinombolo zenguqulo zilawuleka, lo mjikelezo unzima kakhulu maqondana nezinguquko kanye nesisekelo sehadiwe yesikhathi esizayo.

Kunokuba nje kube yi-bump yenguqulo yezimonyo, I-Linux 7.0 ibukeka njengokukhishwa okubalulekile ngokusabalalisa okuzayo kanye namapulatifomu. Kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yi-kernel ezenzakalelayo yokukhishwa okuvelele njenge-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS kanye ne-Fedora 44, okusho ukuthi izinqumo kanye nokulungiselela ukufika manje kungenzeka kuchaze ulwazi lwe-Linux kuma-desktop, amaseva, nama-laptops iminyaka ezayo.

I-Linux 7.0-rc1 ivala iwindi lokuhlanganisa

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Linux 7.0: yini ongayilindela esizukulwaneni esisha se-kernel

Ngokukhululwa I-Linux 7.0-rc1, iwindi lokuhlanganisa i-kernel lalo mjikelezo livaliwe ngokusemthethweni. Njengokujwayelekile, isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwamasonto amabili silandelwe ukumiswa kwezici ezintsha ezinkulu ukuze ikhodi ikwazi ukuzinza ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokugcina kwe-7.0.

UTorvalds wayeqondile kakhulu esimemezelweni sakhe sohlu lweposi, ephawula ukuthi inombolo entsha yenguqulo enkulu ayihlobene noshintsho olukhulu lwezakhiwo kodwa kunalokho kulokho akuthandayo ukugwema izinguqulo ezincane ezingalawuleki uma sezisondele ku-x.19. Nokho, umphumela uwukuthi le "7.0" "eqondana" igcina ingenye yezinhlayiya ezisindayo kakhulu enkumbulweni yamuva.

Umthombo we-Linux 7.0‑rc1 usuvele utholakala futhi ungaba kuqoshwe endaweni yokugcina esemthethweni ye-kernel.org GitEmasontweni azayo, abantu abazokhishwa bazogxila kakhulu ekulungiseni amaphutha, ukuzingela ukuhlehla, kanye nokupholisha izinguquko eziningi ezenze ngesikhathi sewindi lokuhlanganisa.

Njengoba kujwayelekile, ukubuka konke okunemininingwane yezici kanye nezilinganiso ezijulile kuyaqala ukukhishwa, okunikeza umbono wokuqala wokuthi kanjani I-Linux 7.0 iziphatha kahle ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemisebenzi yangempela uma kuqhathaniswa nochungechunge oluzinzile lwangaphambilini. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kubonisa ukuthi nakuba ezinye izindawo zibonisa izinzuzo ezithembisayo, ezinye zisadinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokugcina.

Ukuqondisa amapulatifomu esizukulwane esilandelayo e-Intel kanye ne-AMD

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalo mjikelezo yi- umsebenzi omningi ohloselwe amapulatifomu e-Intel ne-AMD esikhathi esizayoI-Linux 7.0 isekela kakhulu amaprosesa e-Intel i-Nova Lake kanye ne-Diamond Rapids, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-Zen 6 okuzayo kwe-AMD, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa ma-chip azobe esekulungele ukusebenzisa i-Linux ngempumelelo ngokushesha nje lapho efika emakethe.

Ngasohlangothini lwe-Intel, i-kernel yethula Ukusekelwa kweLake Nova kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezininganaOkuphawulekayo ukuthi amapulatifomu e-Nova Lake S manje anezihlonzi zawo ezixhunywe kumshayeli we-Intel LPSS (Low Power Subsystem), ophatha izixhumi ezifana ne-SPI ne-HS‑UART. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu kusekelwa kwakudinga kakhulu ukwengeza ama-ID edivayisi amasha, okuphakamisa ukuthi imodeli yomshayeli ekhona kakade ifanelana kahle nehadiwe entsha.

Amaprosesa e-Diamond Rapids Xeon nawo athola ukunakwa okugxile, okuhlanganisa ukwesekwa kwabashayeli be-NTB (Non-Transparent Bridge) kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kwemicimbiLezi zinguquko kufanele zisize abaphathi bezinhlelo kanye nabathuthukisi ukuthi babhale futhi baphathe lawa ma-CPU eseva esizukulwane esilandelayo uma esetholakala.

Ku-AMD, i-Linux 7.0 iletha okwengeziwe Imicimbi yokusebenza ye-Zen 6 kanye nokusekelwa kwezilinganiso, okuthuthukisa ukubonwa kanye nokulungiswa okuhle ngokusebenzisa ama-performance counters. Kukhona nokusekelwa okusha kwezici zokuhumusha ikheli ku-Zen 5 ngaphakathi kwesistimu encane ye-CLX, okubonisa ukuthi abathuthukisi be-kernel abagcini nje ngokubhekisa ezakhiweni ezizayo kodwa futhi bathuthukisa ukwesekwa kwezizukulwane zamanje.

Ngale kwe-x86, i-kernel yandisa ububanzi bayo nge Usekelo lwemiyalelo ye-Atomic LS64/LS64V yama-CPU e-ARM64 kanye nezici ze-CFI (Control Flow Integrity) zesikhala somsebenzisi ze-RISC V. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwesekwa okuyinhloko kwengezwe kwi-SpacemiT K3 RVA 23 SoC, okuqhubeka nomkhuba we-Linux wokwamukela uhlu olubanzi lwabathengisi kanye nezici zefomu.

I-DSA 3.0 kanye nezisheshisi zokuhamba kwedatha

I-Linux 7.0 ithatha isinyathelo esibalulekile ekusekeleni i-accelerator ngokuhlanganisa ama-patches abuyekeziwe I-Intel's Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA) 3.0Le njini yehadiwe iklanyelwe ukulayisha imisebenzi yokunyakaza kwedatha kanye nokuguqula kusuka ku-CPU, okungaba usizo ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zedatha ezisebenzisa imithwalo yemisebenzi ehilela ukukopisha okukhulu, ukuhlaziya, noma imisebenzi yokusakaza, ikakhulukazi ezisebenzini ezisebenzisayo. tecnologías de contenedorización.

Ikhodi entsha ye-DSA 3.0 iyethula izixhumi ze-sysfs ezintsha eziveza amarejista wamakhono, okuvumela isofthiwe yesikhala somsebenzisi ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izinketho ezengeziwe ezinikezwa yi-IP ye-accelerator yakamuva. Phakathi kwezinto eziphawulekayo ezengeziwe kukhona ukwesekwa kwe-Max SGL Size, ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi efana ne-Gather copy kanye ne-Gather reduction, lapho uhlu lwe-scatter-gather kumele lulinganiswe kahle ngaphambi kokuba izinhlelo zokusebenza zomsebenzisi zikwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphephile.

Enye imininingwane ethakazelisayo ukuthi I-interface ye-DSA 3.0 sysfs igoba izimiso ezivamile ze-kernel ngokubeka amanani amathathu kufayela elilodwa le-sysfs, kanti umkhuba ojwayelekile ngokuvamile uyinani elilodwa ngefayela ngalinye. Nakuba lokhu ngokwezobuchwepheshe kuyinto ehlukile emthethweni, kwamukelwa njengengxenye yokudonsa kwenjini ye-DMA ye-Linux 7.0, okugcizelela indlela ubunzima behadiwe ngezinye izikhathi obuthinta ngayo imingcele yezimiso ezinde.

Lezi zinguquko ezihlobene nokusheshisa kulindeleke ukuthi zikhokhe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo Amaseva asekelwe ku-Diamond Rapids, lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi i-DSA 3.0 izovela khona. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zizobonakala ngokugcwele kuphela uma izitaki zesofthiwe yesikhala somsebenzisi kanye nezinhlaka sezibuyekeziwe ukuze kutholakale futhi kusetshenziswe la makhono amasha.

Ihluzo, ama-laptop kanye nokufakwa kwehadiwe okubanzi

Ngenkathi i-CPU kanye nokusekelwa kwe-accelerator kubusa ezindabeni, i-Linux 7.0 nayo ifaka phakathi okuphawulekayo izibuyekezo ezihlobene nezithombe kanye nekhompyutha ephathekayo. Phambili ku-GPU, i-kernel yengeza ukwesekwa kwehadiwe yehluzo ye-AMD ezayo, iqhubeka nephethini yokuba namapayipi e-kernel alungele ukuqaliswa kwe-GPU entsha.

Imephu yendlela ehlanganisiwe ye-Intel ayishiywanga ngemuva: Usekelo lokubonisa lweNova Lake lwe-iGPU ingena esihlahleni, ibeka isiteji sokuthi ama-laptop nama-desktop esikhathi esizayo asebenzisa lolu lwakhiwo abe nezindawo zokubonisa ezisebenzayo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Lezi zinguquko zokubonisa ziyahambisana nezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo kumshayeli wehluzo we-Intel Xe, oqhubeka nokuvuthwa ngokuphathelene nokwakheka okusha kwe-Xe3.

Ngaphandle kwezici ze-GPU ezimsulwa, i-Linux 7.0 iqukethe eziningi ukuthuthukiswa komshayeli we-laptop kanye nokwengezwa kokuqapha izinzwa, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa kwezinzwa zokufunda kumabhodi amaningi e-ASUS. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi oqhubekayo alubangeli amehlo amaningi kunezimemezelo ezinkulu zokwakha kodwa luvame ukuba nomthelela obonakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngama-thermal, ukulawula abalandeli, kanye nezindlela zokusebenza eziqaphela ibhethri.

Ukusekelwa kwehadiwe ye-Apple nakho kuyathuthuka. I-kernel manje ixhumanisa i- I-RTC, i-HWMON, kanye namadivayisi angaphansi okufaka omshayeli we-Apple System Management Controller (MACSMC), futhi yengeza ukwesekwa kwe-Apple USB Type‑C PHY. Ngokubambisana, lezi zinto zithuthukisa kancane kancane ulwazi lokusebenzisa i-Linux emishinini yakamuva ye-Apple, yize izinhlelo ezinjalo zisadinga umsebenzi okhethekile.

Ukuphetha indaba yokuvumela ihadiwe, idivayisi yemisebenzi eminingi (i-MFD) yokudonsa yalo mjikelezo yethula ukwesekwa kwezingxenye ezifana ne- Ama-PMIC e-ROHM BD72720 kanye ne-BD73900, i-Rockchip RK801 PMIC, kanye nezinye izilawuli ezihlobene nenethiwekhi kanye nesitoreji ezifana ne-Delta Networks TN48M kanye nohlobo lwe-TS133 lwama-QNAP MCU.

Izinhlelo zamafayela, isitoreji kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-I/O

Njengokujwayelekile, ingxenye enkulu yomthelela obonakalayo womsebenzisi ivela ohlelweni lwamafayela kanye nomsebenzi we-I/O. I-Linux 7.0 iletha ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zamafayela ezisetshenziswa kabanzi, ngokubheka kokubili ukusebenza kanye nokuqina.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezibhekene kakhulu nabasebenzisi kukhona ukusebenza okungcono kokufunda okulandelanayo kwe-exFAT kanye nezibuyekezo ezahlukahlukene ku-F2FS, ethandwa kakhulu kwisitoreji esisekelwe ku-flash. I-EXT4, enye yezinhlelo zamafayela ezizenzakalelayo ezivame kakhulu ekusakazweni kwe-Linux, ithola ukuthuthuka okuhlobene nokubhala okuqondile kwe-I/O ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhlose ukunciphisa ukuphikisana nokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemisebenzi esindayo efanayo.

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zamafayela, i-Linux 7.0 ifaka phakathi ukubika amaphutha ajwayelekile e-I/O ajwayelekile, okufanele kusize amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zithole izinkinga zesitoreji ngendlela eqhubekayo. Ukusekelwa kwe-Multi‑lane SPI kanye namakhono e-Octal DTR amadivayisi e-SPI NAND nakho kuyingxenye yalo mjikelezo, kugxilwe ezinhlelweni ezifakiwe kanye nezixazululo zesitoreji ezithembele kuzixhumi ezilandelanayo ze-serial ezisebenzisa i-high‑throughput.

Ezinye izengezo ezicashile kodwa eziwusizo zifaka phakathi izitembu zesikhathi ezingavimbeli, okunganciphisa ukuphikisana ezindleleni ezibucayi zokugcina isikhathi, kanye nokulungiswa okuhlukahlukene kwezinga eliphansi kulo lonke ibhulokhi kanye ne-I/O stack. Eziningi zalezi zinguquko ziyanda kancane kancane, kodwa zihlangene zinegalelo ekuziphatheni okubushelelezi ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemisebenzi exubile noma enzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzinza ezinsizeni zokugcina kanye nememori. Lokhu kungase kungabi namagama akhangayo noma iziqubulo zokumaketha, kodwa ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwansuku zonke kunezici zezihloko.

Ukulungiswa kokusebenza: ukunqoba, ukuhlehla kanye nomsebenzi ohlobene nemidlalo

Ukusebenza kuyindikimba ephindaphindwayo ku-Linux 7.0, enezizindalwazi zomsebenzi ezihlanganisa umsebenzi, abahleli bezinhlelo, ukuphathwa kwememori kanye nemidwebo. Okugqamile okukodwa yilokhu izinzuzo zokusebenza kwe-PostgreSQL eziphawulekayo ku-AMD EPYC amapulatifomu, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel okuqondisiwe kuveza ukwanda kokukhishwa okulinganiselwe emisebenzini yedathabheyisi.

Kukhona futhi ukulungiswa kokuphathwa kwememori kanye nezibuyekezo zokukhula kwesheduli lokho okufanele kuzuze izinhlelo eziningi eziyisisekelo kanye neziningi ngokufanayo. Kuhlanganiswe nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zamafayela, lezi zinguquko zibeka isiteji sokusebenza okungcono ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemisebenzi yeseva kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedeskithophu okunzima.

Kusukela embonweni wemidlalo kanye nehluzo, iLinux 7.0 iyabuyisa ukwesekwa kwekhasi elikhulu le-Nouveau, umshayeli womthombo ovulekile wama-NVIDIA GPU. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumshayeli we-NVK Vulkan, ongasebenzisa amakhasi amakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko futhi mhlawumbe athuthukise izikhathi zozimele kanye nokungaguquguquki emidlalweni nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-3D.

I-Intel TSX (Izandiso Zokuvumelanisa Okuthengiselana) manje isethwe ku- imodi ezenzakalelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo kuma-CPU asekelwayo. Nakuba i-TSX iyisici esibalulekile kubasebenzisi abaningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe ukusebenzisa imemori yokuthengiselana zingabona izinzuzo ezivela ekucushweni okuguquguqukayo, okulawulwa yi-kernel okusebenzisa amakhono ehadiwe ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa ngesandla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhentshi okuqala ku-Intel Core Ultra Series 3 Izinhlelo zePanther Lake zidweba isithombe esixubileUkuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa ama-kernel okuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux 7.0 ne-Linux 6.19 eqinile kwi-laptop ye-MSI Prestige 14 enezithombe ze-Core Ultra X7 358H kanye ne-Arc B390 kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinye izimo kuyahlehla kunokuba kuthuthuke.

Lezi zilinganiso zenziwe nge-toolchain efanayo, iphrofayili yamandla "okusebenza" ehambisanayo, kanye nokucushwa kwe-kernel okucishe kufane ngaphandle kwezinketho ezintsha ezingezwe ku-v7.0. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo manje ukunquma ukuthi ngabe lokhu kubuyela emuva kuqondene nePanther Lake noma izimpawu zezinkinga ezibanzi ezethulwe ngesikhathi sewindi lokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezingxenye ezihlukene kuyaqhubeka, futhi noma yiziphi izinkinga eziveziwe cishe zizobhekiswa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokukhishwa komfakisicelo.

Abathuthukisi nabasebenzisi abanesifiso sokusebenza kwemidlalo banezizathu zokubheka lo mjikelezo: ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwe-kernel bekugcizelela ukuhlela imisebenzi, ukuphathwa kwememori, kanye nokuvuthwa komshayeli wehluzo, konke okubalulekile ekuhambisaneni kwejubane lohlaka kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ezwela ukubambezeleka. Nakuba izinzuzo zomhlaba wangempela zizoncika enjinini yomdlalo, i-driver stack, kanye nokusatshalaliswa, isiqondiso sokuhamba sicacile ukuthi siqondiswe kokuhlangenwe nakho okungcono komsebenzisi wokugcina.

Ukugqwala, izibuyekezo zamathuluzi kanye nokuqashelwa komphakathi

Ngaphandle kwehadiwe kanye nomsebenzi wokusebenza omsulwa, i-Linux 7.0 iyaqhubeka nokuguquka endleleni i-kernel ebhalwa futhi igcinwa ngayo. Isinyathelo esibalulekile esingokomfanekiso kulo mjikelezo yi- ukuvuma okusemthethweni ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-Rust kuzohlala lapha, okuqeda ngempumelelo umqondo wokuthi i-Rust iwukuzama nje ngaphakathi kwe-kernel.

Izingxenye ezisekelwe ekugqwaleni ziseyingxenyana encane ye-codebase iyonke, kodwa ukuba khona kwabo kukhula kancane kancaneUkugxila kolimi ekuphepheni kwememori kanye namathuluzi esimanje kubhekwa ngabathuthukisi abaningi njengokwengeza okuwusizo ku-C, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nabashayeli lapho amaphutha angaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude. Ukukhishwa kwe-7.0 kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Rust manje isiyingxenye ehlala njalo yokuvela kwesikhathi eside kwe-kernel.

Ngasohlangothini lokuxilonga, amathuluzi akhona nawo athuthukisiwe. Isibonelo, i-turbostat manje ibika izibalo ze-cache ze-L2 kuma-Intel CPU amasha, okunikeza abasebenzisi bamandla kanye nonjiniyela bokusebenza ukuqonda okujulile ngokuthi laba baprosesa baziphatha kanjani ngaphansi komthwalo. Ukukwazi ukuhlola amamethrikhi amaningi wezinga le-cache ngqo kusuka kuthuluzi elijwayelekile kungaba usizo ekulungiseni ukungalingani kokusebenza noma ekulungiseni umthwalo womsebenzi.

Lokhu kukhishwa kufaka phakathi isici somuntu kakhulu: ifayela le-CREDITS le-kernel manje iqaphela ngokusemthethweni ukuphathwa kukaStephen Rothwell isikhathi eside kweLinux - OkulandelayoNgemva kokuphatha i-Linux - Ngemuva kwalokho kusukela ngo-2008, uRothwell wesula esikhundleni maphakathi noJanuwari, wadlulisela induku kuMark Brown.

I-Linux‑Next isebenza njenge- indawo yokubeka lapho amagatsha esistimu engaphansi kanye nezihlahla zesihloko kuhlanganiswa khona ngaphambi kwefasitela ngalinye lokuhlanganisa. Ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bahlole izinguquko zesistimu engaphansi kwesistimu kusenesikhathi futhi ihlinzeka abasebenzisi abanomdlandla ngokufinyelela kuma-patches angaphandle kwe-bleeding ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa ngesandla ama-repository amaningi. Ukufakwa kwekhredithi kuwukuqashelwa okuncane kodwa okunenjongo komsebenzi ocishe ube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili oye wasekela buthule inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwansuku zonke ye-kernel.

Ukubheka kuzo zonke lezi zindawo - kusukela ekuvikelweni kwesikhathi esizayo kweNova Lake, iDiamond Rapids, kanye neZen 6, kuya ekulungisweni kwesistimu yamafayela, ukuhlanganiswa kweRust, kanye nokwamukelwa komphakathi - iLinux I-7.0 ayivelele kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isici sesihloko esisodwa kodwa ivelele kakhulu ngobubanzi bezinguquko ezihambisanayo neziqhubekayoNjengoba i-7.0 rc1 isitholakala manje, ukugxila kushintshela ekuzinziseni nasekulungiseni ukusebenza kahle, kodwa sekuvele kusobala ukuthi le kernel izosebenza njengokukhishwa okuyisisekelo kwegagasi elilandelayo lokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kanye namapulatifomu ehadiwe.