C ++

Impela, nakhu:

Emhlabeni wezinhlelo ze-C++, ngokuvamile udinga ukuguqula izinhlobo. Ukuguqulwa kungase kusuke ohlotsheni lwedatha olulula kuye ohlotsheni oluyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ekilasini elitholiwe ukuya esigabeni sesisekelo, noma ukusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo olunikeziwe ukuya kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo. I-C++ inikeza izindlela ezine zokusakaza zokwenza lokhu kuguqulwa: `i-static_cast`, `dynamic_cast`, `reinterpret_cast`, kanye nokusakaza kwesitayela se-C++. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa `nge-static_cast` kabanzi.

Funda kabanzi

Ukwenza izinkomba ku-C++ ungaphezu nje komsebenzi omncane. Icubungula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zekhompiyutha futhi yethula umsebenzi obalulekile wokukhohlisa kwesistimu yefayela. Ukubhekana nezinkomba - ukudala, ukususa noma ukufunda - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezinga le-OS. Ukuqonda i-'mkdir', ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nemininingwane yayo yamaminithi kuwusizo kunoma yimuphi umuntu osebenzelana nohlelo lwe-C++.

Funda kabanzi

Unicode incazelo yemboni yekhompyutha ethuthukisiwe ukuze ihlanganise, imele, futhi ilawule umbhalo ovezwe ezinhlelweni zokubhala eziningi zomhlaba. Isuka kuzinhlamvu eziyisisekelo zesiLatini iye emibhalweni eyinkimbinkimbi njengezilimi zesiShayina, isiKorea, nesiNdiya.

Ekuhlelweni, ukuqonda i-Unicode kubalulekile ngenxa yokwenziwa kwedijithali ngokushesha kwezilimi ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngokuqondile ku C ++, ukuqonda okufanele nokusebenzisa i-Unocode kungaqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe oyithuthukisayo izophatha imibhalo yezilimi ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle komthungo.

Funda kabanzi

Impela, ake siqale.

Kulesi sihloko, sidingida inkinga evamile ebhekene nonjiniyela abasebenzisa ulimi lokuhlela lwe-C++: indlela yokugcwalisa amalungu afanayo ngoziro. Ungomunye waleyo misebenzi ebonakala iyisisekelo, nokho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uwenza kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza kwekhodi okufanele. Ku-C++, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokugcwalisa amalungu afanayo ngo-0, futhi sizohlaziya lezi zindlela ngokujulile ukuze siqonde imiphumela yazo ekwenzeni ikhodi yakho.

Ku-C++, amalungu afanayo ayizakhiwo zedatha ezihlanganisa izakhi zohlobo olufanayo, ezigcinwe ngokuhlanganyela enkumbulweni. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zamalungu afanayo ku-C++ ukuthi anosayizi ogxilile. Lesi sici sosayizi ongashintshi ngokuvamile sibangela izimo lapho sidinga ukuqalisa noma ukugcwalisa amalungu afanayo ngevelu elithile, njengo-0.

Funda kabanzi

Impela. Nansi indlela esingafinyelela ngayo kulokhu:

Njengonjiniyela, ungase ubhekane nezimo lapho udinga ukuhlela ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi okuyisithombe. Icala elilodwa elinjalo lingabandakanya ukufihla ikhesa. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunzima, ungakhathazeki. I-C++ inikeza indlela elula kakhulu yokufeza lokhu.

Funda kabanzi

Njengongcweti wemfashini nezinhlelo, ngiyabazisa ubuhle bayo yomibili imihlaba, ngisho noma kuza ekukhiqizeni i-char engahleliwe. Emhlabeni we-C++, lo msebenzi ungafaniswa nokwenza isitayela ingubo ephelele: udinga ukuqonda izimiso, ubuhlakani, kanye nedeshi yokungahleliwe ukuze ukwenze kujabulise.

Funda kabanzi

Isofthiwe yokubhala ngokuvamile ingaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi oyinqaba, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nezakhiwo zedatha njengamamephu ku-C++. Umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile we-C++ usihlinzeka nge-std::map, okuyisitsha esihlanganisayo esigcina izici ezakhiwe ngenhlanganisela yenani elingukhiye kanye nenani elimephu, elilandela ukuhleleka okuthile.

I-Std::map iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokubamba amapheya enani elingukhiye ngendlela evumela uhlelo ukuthi lubheke ngokushesha inani elihlobene nokhiye othile. Ikwenza lokhu ngokuhlunga ngokuzenzakalelayo okungenayo ngokhiye. Imephu ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho sidinga ukugcina idatha isesimweni sohlobo oluthile lokubhanqwa kwenani elingukhiye noma uma kukhona okuhlukile kudatha yethu. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa lapho kuseshwa amanani ngendlela efana nesichazamazwi.

[b]

Funda kabanzi

Izikwele eziphelele zibamba inani elibalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezibalo nama-algorithms. Zibalulekile, ngisho nasezibalweni zansuku zonke nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo. Ehlelweni, ngokuvamile kuba nesidingo sokunquma ukuthi inombolo ethile iyisikwele esiphelele noma cha. Ukunquma kahle lokhu kungenza noma kwephule ukusebenza kwe-algorithm. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizohlola indlela yokunquma ukuthi inombolo iyisikwele esiphelele ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-C++.

Funda kabanzi

Impela, nansi indatshana oyicelile efaka zonke izidingo ozishilo:

Okokufaka Okusheshayo Nokukhiphayo (i-FastIO) kuvezwa njengendlela phakathi konjiniyela yokusheshisa ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ehlelweni lokuncintisana, i-FastIO ibonakala njengendlela eyingqayizivele yokwandisa imisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe yonke inqubo yokubhala amakhodi.

Funda kabanzi